{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:56:32Z","timestamp":1787896592997,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Public transport accessibility is vital for fostering inclusive and sustainable urban development, ensuring equitable mobility for individuals with physical disabilities or reduced mobility. Globally, over 1.3 billion people, including 4.12 million in Spain, live with disabilities. Despite legislative progress, many cities fail to meet accessibility standards that guarantee safe and independent public transport use.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study evaluates the accessibility of 431 bus stops in Burgos, Spain, using a methodological design that combines compliance with accessibility standards and the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities. By identifying critical barriers and opportunities for improvement, this research provides actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, offering a replicable framework for cities facing similar challenges.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A validated and reproducible methodology was employed to evaluate accessibility conditions through in situ observations, including the geolocation of bus stops and photographic documentation. This approach guarantees a user-centred perspective through collaboration with local disability organisations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analysis identified significant barriers, including inadequate vehicle encroachment prevention, poorly designed shelters, unsuitable stop locations, and limited accessible formats such as Braille and audio. These challenges hinder the independent use of public transport for individuals with disabilities or reduced mobility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Addressing these barriers can substantially enhance urban mobility, reduce environmental impacts, and support Sustainable Development Goal 11, particularly Target 11.2. The proposed methodological design provides a practical framework for urban planners to create more inclusive, resilient, and sustainable transport systems globally.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T18:03:05Z","timestamp":1745949785000},"page":"e0322068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessing public transport accessibility for people with physical disabilities in burgos, spain: A user-centered approach to inclusive urban mobility"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0381-8196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan L.","family":"Elorduy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-3837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yesica","family":"Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8741-5780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c1ngel M.","family":"Gento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322068.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2005.11.004","article-title":"Effective regulation for sustainable public transport in developing countries","volume":"13","author":"M Sohail","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transp Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322068.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21060764","article-title":"Developing problematic performance value scores: binding routine activity performance, environmental barriers, and health conditions","volume":"21","author":"J Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0322068.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1590469","article-title":"Community participation and public transportation barriers experienced by people with disabilities","volume":"42","author":"JL Bezyak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0322068.ref004","article-title":"El Binomio Imperfecto; Ariel:","volume-title":"Ciudad y Transporte:","author":"C Miralles-Guasch","year":"2002"},{"key":"pone.0322068.ref005","author":"United Nations","year":"[cited 2024 Sep 12]"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322068.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/23800127.2018.1438149","article-title":"Governing urban accessibility: moving beyond transport and mobility","volume":"3","author":"P Rode","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Mobil"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322068.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2005.12.007","article-title":"Determinants of the effectiveness of travel feedback programs\u2014a review of communicative mobility management measures for changing travel behaviour in Japan","volume":"13","author":"S Fujii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transp Policy"},{"key":"pone.0322068.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubis Z, Plocova K. 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