{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T04:09:50Z","timestamp":1748664590061,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GY1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GY1804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GY1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GY1804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GY1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GY1804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GY2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GY2301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["413668513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413668513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) significantly reduces quality of life (QoL), particularly due to its complex interplay of motor and nonmotor symptoms. While personality traits influence QoL in chronic diseases, their longitudinal effects in people with PD (PwPD) remain underexplored. This study evaluates the longitudinal predictive influence of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness on QoL in PwPD over two waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study utilized longitudinal data from 100 PwPD participants in waves 7 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). QoL was assessed using the CASP-12 scale, while personality traits were measured with the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10). Linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between personality traits and QoL, controlling for sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health-related variables.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neuroticism was consistently associated with lower QoL across all analyses. Cross-sectional results showed neuroticism as the strongest predictor of QoL decline in wave 7 (beta\u2009=\u2009-0.33, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and longitudinal GEE analyses confirmed its predictive effect (beta\u2009=\u2009-0.03, p\u2009=\u20090.007). Conscientiousness and openness showed limited and inconsistent associations with QoL. Beyond personality traits, depressive symptoms and mobility limitations were found to substantially impact QoL, influencing the effects of neuroticism.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neuroticism plays a pivotal role in predicting QoL decline in PwPD, highlighting its utility as a target for psychological interventions aimed at emotional regulation and resilience building. While depressive symptoms and mobility limitations also contribute, integrating personality assessments into care strategies may improve outcomes. These findings advocate for a multidimensional approach to managing PD that addresses both clinical and psychological factors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T17:40:24Z","timestamp":1748626824000},"page":"e0322089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The influence of the Big Five inventory on quality of life in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease aged 50 and above: A Longitudinal Analysis from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-6014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Mendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin G.","family":"Heimrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-9865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"M\u00fchlhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Sch\u00f6nenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tino","family":"Prell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322089.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"J Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-7560(199905\/06)15:3<205::AID-DMRR29>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Quality of life and diabetes","volume":"15","author":"RR Rubin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322089.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9888-5","article-title":"Predictors of quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients with schizophrenia, major mood disorder, and without mental illness","volume":"20","author":"F Dickerson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322089.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90019-1","article-title":"Utility approach to measuring health-related quality of life","volume":"40","author":"GW Torrance","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of chronic diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23961","article-title":"Nonmotor versus motor symptoms: how much do they matter to health status in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"27","author":"C Hinnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322089.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.07.010","article-title":"Importance of motor vs. non-motor symptoms for health-related quality of life in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"B M\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13549","article-title":"Quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"27","author":"N Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3423-1","article-title":"Romberg ratio coefficient in quiet stance and postural control in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"T Paolucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2014.02.004","article-title":"Validation of the Korean version of the 39-Item Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)","volume":"8","author":"H-J Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Nursing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.030","article-title":"Quality of life and depression in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"248","author":"A Schrag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322089.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22162","article-title":"Distribution of motor impairment influences quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"KC Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.009","article-title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"GD Kuhlman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4475","article-title":"Personality and reported quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"GM Pontone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-120149","article-title":"Personality affects aspects of health-related quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease via psychological coping strategies","volume":"3","author":"SR Whitworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322089.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860903046529","article-title":"The association of type D personality with quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"T Dubayova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9410-x","article-title":"Neuroticism and extraversion in association with quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"T Dubayova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref017","article-title":"Does personality affect health-related quality of life? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"I-C Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.03.011","article-title":"Personality and physical health","volume":"5","author":"AL Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322089.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/43.4.S114","article-title":"Subjective state of health and survival in elderly adults","volume":"43","author":"G Kaplan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322089.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9476-1","article-title":"The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses","volume":"36","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799003141","article-title":"What contributes to depression in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"31","author":"A Schrag","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113245","article-title":"Personality and self-rated health across eight cohort studies","volume":"263","author":"Y Stephan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref023","volume-title":"Social Determinants of Health","author":"M Marmot"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322089.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90177-D","article-title":"Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory","volume":"12","author":"PT Costa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Personality and individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref025","first-page":"51","article-title":"A five-factor theory of personality","volume-title":"The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives","author":"P Costa","year":"1999"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref026","article-title":"What Are the Big 5 Personality Traits?","author":"JM Grohol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psych Central"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322089.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.130","article-title":"Economic costs of neuroticism: a population-based study","volume":"67","author":"P Cuijpers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322089.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617709813","article-title":"When Is Higher Neuroticism Protective Against Death? Findings From UK Biobank","volume":"28","author":"CR Gale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref029","first-page":"118","article-title":"Extraversion: Description, development, and mechanisms","volume-title":"Handbook of personality development","author":"LD Smillie","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref030","first-page":"369","article-title":"Conscientiousness","volume-title":"Handbook of individual differences in social behavior","author":"BW Roberts","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref031","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Openness\/intellect: A dimension of personality reflecting cognitive explorationAPA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 4: Personality processes and individual differences. APA handbooks in psychology\u00ae","author":"CG DeYoung","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322089.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000626","article-title":"Do neuroticism and conscientiousness interact with health conditions in predicting 4-year changes in self-rated health among Swedish older adults?","volume":"36","author":"G Henning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701005104","article-title":"Personality and the perception of health in the general population","volume":"32","author":"R Goodwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00754","article-title":"Patient and Family Caregiver\u2019s Neuroticism and Conscientiousness Personality in Relation to Quality of Life of Patient With Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study Neuroticism and Conscientiousness Personality in Relation to QoL of Patient With PD","volume":"9","author":"X Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322089.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-016-1296-4","article-title":"Individuals\u2019 quality of life linked to major life events, perceived social support, and personality traits","volume":"25","author":"C Pocnet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.3.763","article-title":"The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being","volume":"74","author":"ME Lachman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322089.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027899","article-title":"Age and gender differences in physical capability levels from mid-life onwards: the harmonisation and meta-analysis of data from eight UK cohort studies","volume":"6","author":"R Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref038","volume-title":"Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion","author":"Literacy IoMUCoH","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322089.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt088","article-title":"Data Resource Profile: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)","volume":"42","author":"A B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref040","article-title":"SHARE Wave 6: Panel innovations and collecting Dried Blood Spots","volume-title":"Munich Center for the Economics of Aging","author":"F Malter","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan A, Kneip T, Litwin M, Myck G, Weber G. Ageing in Europe - Supporting Policies for an Inclusive Society. 2015.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110444414"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref042","article-title":"SHARE Wave 4: Innovations & Methodology","author":"F Malter","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref043","article-title":"SHARE Wave 5: Innovations & Methodology","author":"F Malter","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110295467","volume-title":"Active ageing and solidarity between generations in Europe","author":"A B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref045","unstructured":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan A. Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 7. Release version: 8.0.0. SHARE-ERIC Data set. 2022."},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref046","unstructured":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan A. Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 8. Release version: 8.0.0. SHARE-ERIC Data set. 2022."},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref047","unstructured":"Bergmann M, Kneip T, De Luca G, Scherpenzeel A. Survey participation in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Wave 1-7 Based on Release 7.0.0. SHARE Working Paper Series. 2019;41-2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0294-8","article-title":"Assessing and adjusting for non-response in the Millennium Cohort Family Study","volume":"17","author":"NH Corry","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref049","article-title":"easySHARE. Release version: 8.0.0. SHARE-ERIC","author":"A B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dataset"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref050","unstructured":"Borrat-Besson C, Ryser V, Goncalves J. An evaluation of the CASP-12 scale used in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to measure Quality of Life among people aged 50+. FORS Working Papers, Lausanne: FORS. 2015; paper 2015-4."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786031000101157","article-title":"A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19)","volume":"7","author":"M Hyde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.02.001","article-title":"Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German","volume":"41","author":"B Rammstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref053","unstructured":"Rammstedt B, Kemper CJ, Klein MC, Beierlein C, Kovaleva A. Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) Big Five Inventory (BFI-10). 2014."},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.4.330","article-title":"Development of the EURO-D scale--a European Union initiative to compare symptoms of depression in 14 European centres","volume":"174","author":"MJ Prince","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700057779","article-title":"A computerized psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT","volume":"16","author":"JR Copeland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.036772","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries: the SHARE study","volume":"191","author":"E Castro-Costa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.875658","article-title":"Missing data analysis using multiple imputation: getting to the heart of the matter","volume":"3","author":"Y He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"DB Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1788248","volume-title":"Imputation of missing data in Waves 1 and 2 of SHARE","author":"D Christelis","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref060","unstructured":"Franzese F. How to use multiple imputations in Stata - A practical introduction for SHARE data. Working Paper Series. 2023;88\u20132023."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1159\/000330228","article-title":"An Overview of Longitudinal Data Analysis Methods for Neurological Research","volume":"1","author":"JJ Locascio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0700700205","article-title":"QIC Program and Model Selection in GEE Analyses","volume":"7","author":"J Cui","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200210017","article-title":"Robustness of Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) Tests of Significance against Misspecification of the Error Structure Model","volume":"46","author":"JE Overall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biometrical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis","author":"FE Harrell","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"SL Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322089.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf215","article-title":"Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: an orientation","volume":"157","author":"JA Hanley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428104263672","article-title":"Using Generalized Estimating Equations for Longitudinal Data Analysis","volume":"7","author":"GA Ballinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322089.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i10.1113","article-title":"Neuroticism personality trait is associated with Quality of Life in patients with Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"6","author":"L Samartzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322089.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.05.003","article-title":"Quality of life and psychological well-being in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS): Importance of adopting a biopsychosocial model","volume":"11","author":"LB Strober","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107858","article-title":"Neuroticism and extraversion affect health-related quality of life of persons with epilepsy independently from depression and anxiety symptoms","volume":"117","author":"S-A Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00289-0","article-title":"Psychosocial factors associated with chronic pain in adolescents","volume":"101","author":"VP Merlijn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2003.12.024","article-title":"Gender differences in depression: the role of personality factors","volume":"126","author":"RD Goodwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)00088-2","article-title":"Personality: a moderator of the relation between cognitive functioning and depression in adults aged 55-85?","volume":"41","author":"N van den Heuvel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322089.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.020","article-title":"Interactions between life stressors and susceptibility genes (5-HTTLPR and BDNF) on depression in Korean elders","volume":"62","author":"J-M Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.72.1.233","article-title":"Stability in extraversion and aspects of social support at midlife","volume":"72","author":"DD Von Dras","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322089.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-013-9482-3","article-title":"Extraversion and Neuroticism Mediate Associations Between Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness and Affective Well-Being","volume":"15","author":"R-P Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322089.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.10.11","article-title":"Longitudinal Impact of Depression on Quality of Life in Stroke Patients","volume":"15","author":"E-S Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104540","article-title":"Personality and depression: explanatory models and review of the evidence","volume":"7","author":"DN Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322089.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475","article-title":"Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience","volume":"14","author":"KS Button","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref080","first-page":"411","article-title":"What you see may not be what you get: a brief, nontechnical introduction to overfitting in regression-type models","volume":"66","author":"MA Babyak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322089.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv190","article-title":"Social disparities in hazardous alcohol use: self-report bias may lead to incorrect estimates","volume":"26","author":"M Devaux","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322089.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-011-0662-3","article-title":"Review on the validity of self-report to assess work-related diseases","volume":"85","author":"AF Lenderink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref083","unstructured":"Bergmann M, Scherpenzeel A, B\u00f6rsch-Supan A. SHARE Wave 7 Methodology: Panel Innovations and Life Histories. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref084","article-title":"SHARE Wave 8 Methodology: Collecting Cross-National Survey Data in Times of COVID-19","author":"M Bergmann","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0322089.ref085","article-title":"Generating easySHARE - Guidelines, Structure, Content and Programming","author":"S Gruber","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T17:40:47Z","timestamp":1748626847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322089"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gareth","family":"Hagger-Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]}}}