{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:17:06Z","timestamp":1788499026341,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI139628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI139628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>First encounter of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> with the host immune system occurs within tissues of the intestine, including the intestinal mucosa and draining lymph nodes. In this study, we focused on the mesenteric lymph node compartment, the central hub of adaptive immune induction following orally acquired infection. We examined innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in mesenteric lymph nodes during <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> infection, determining the influence of MyD88 and the T lymphocyte compartment on ILC subset distribution, IFN-\u03b3 production, MHC class II expression and proliferation. Collectively, we observed an ILC1-dominated response that was impacted by both MyD88 and T lymphocytes. We also found a population of putative ILC that were negative for signature transcription factors associated with ILC1, 2 and 3 subsets. This study increases our understanding of ILC-mediated immunity during <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> infection and points to the complex interactions with which these cells engage T cell and MyD88-dependent immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T17:40:42Z","timestamp":1745948442000},"page":"e0322116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of MyD88 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells on mesenteric lymph node innate lymphoid cell populations during Toxoplasma gondii infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-8876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Belmares-Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatouma","family":"Zara Issoufou Kapran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-3327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric Y.","family":"Denkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0322116.ref001","first-page":"100","article-title":"Human Toxoplasma infection","volume-title":"In: Weiss LM, Kim K, editors. Toxoplasma gondii The Model Apicomplexan: Perspectives and Methods","author":"RM McLeod","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref002","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis. In: Ajioka JW, Soldati D, editors. Toxoplasma molecular and cellular biology. Norfolk: Horizon Bioscience","author":"AW Pfaff","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"The history and life-cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume-title":"In: Weiss LM, Kim K, editors. Toxoplasma gondii The model apicomplexan: Perspective and methods","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614701","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.614701","article-title":"From Initiators to Effectors: Roadmap Through the Intestine During Encounter of Toxoplasma gondii With the Mucosal Immune System","volume":"10","author":"LM Snyder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.569","article-title":"Regulation and function of T cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"11","author":"EY Denkers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322116.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201314","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201314","article-title":"Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them","volume":"218","author":"E-M Frickel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0322116.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307868110","article-title":"TLR-independent neutrophil-derived IFN-\u03b3 is important for host resistance to intracellular pathogens","volume":"110","author":"CR Sturge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.5997","article-title":"Cutting edge: MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection and regulates parasite-induced IL-12 production by dendritic cells","volume":"168","author":"CA Scanga","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.6.2045","article-title":"Importance of endogenous IFN-gamma for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice","volume":"143","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3128869","article-title":"Interferon-gamma: the major mediator of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"240","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322116.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.016","article-title":"Recognition of profilin by Toll-like receptor 12 is critical for host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"38","author":"AA Koblansky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322116.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4818","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301301","article-title":"Cooperation of TLR12 and TLR11 in the IRF8-dependent IL-12 response to Toxoplasma gondii profilin","volume":"191","author":"M Raetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein","volume":"308","author":"F Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0322116.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1978","article-title":"Protozoan encounters with Toll-like receptor signalling pathways: implications for host parasitism","volume":"6","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322116.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200070","article-title":"Impact of MyD88, Microbiota, and Location on Type 1 and Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells during Toxoplasma gondii Infection","volume":"6","author":"LM Snyder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322116.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009970","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009970","article-title":"Induction of IL-12p40 and type 1 immunity by Toxoplasma gondii in the absence of the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade","volume":"17","author":"LM Snyder","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322116.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3464","article-title":"TLR adaptor MyD88 is essential for pathogen control during oral toxoplasma gondii infection but not adaptive immunity induced by a vaccine strain of the parasite","volume":"181","author":"W Sukhumavasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322116.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008572","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein GRA24 drives MyD88-independent p38 MAPK activation, IL-12 production and induction of protective immunity","volume":"16","author":"HL Mercer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322116.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008586","article-title":"Toxoplasma GRA15 and GRA24 are important activators of the host innate immune response in the absence of TLR11","volume":"16","author":"D Mukhopadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322116.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100717","article-title":"Strain-specific activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by GRA15, a novel Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein","volume":"208","author":"EE Rosowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322116.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1011678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011678","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells-Underexplored guardians of immunity","volume":"19","author":"I Tsymala","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033904","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1033904","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells","volume":"13","author":"L Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0322116.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100661","article-title":"Searching for the Elusive Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cell","volume":"2021207","author":"S Jegatheeswaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322116.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201-216.e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.027","article-title":"Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells Control Innate Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"171","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322116.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0282-9","article-title":"Plasticity of innate lymphoid cell subsets","volume":"20","author":"SM Bal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00196","article-title":"Innate Lymphoid Cells in Protection, Pathology, and Adaptive Immunity During Apicomplexan Infection","volume":"10","author":"DL Ivanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.016","article-title":"MHCII-mediated dialog between group 2 innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) T cells potentiates type 2 immunity and promotes parasitic helminth expulsion","volume":"41","author":"CJ Oliphant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322116.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0323-8","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells control signaling circuits to regulate tissue-specific immunity","volume":"30","author":"CSN Klose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322116.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.017","article-title":"Innate Lymphoid Cells: 10 Years On","volume":"174","author":"E Vivier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322116.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.11.003","article-title":"Migration and Tissue Tropism of Innate Lymphoid Cells","volume":"37","author":"CH Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322116.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091342","article-title":"Innate Lymphoid Cells: Important Regulators of Host-Bacteria Interaction for Border Defense","volume":"8","author":"K Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322116.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008299","article-title":"T-bet-dependent ILC1- and NK cell-derived IFN-gamma mediates cDC1-dependent host resistance against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"202117","author":"AH Lopez-Yglesias","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.030","article-title":"Differentiation of type 1 ILCs from a common progenitor to all helper-like innate lymphoid cell lineages","volume":"157","author":"CS Klose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47605","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47605","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection drives conversion of NK cells into ILC1-like cells","volume":"8","author":"E Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322116.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80645-7","article-title":"RORgamma t, a novel isoform of an orphan receptor, negatively regulates Fas ligand expression and IL-2 production in T cells","volume":"9","author":"YW He","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65614","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65614","article-title":"IL-33 promotes innate lymphoid cell-dependent IFN-\u03b3 production required for innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"JT Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322116.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.019","article-title":"Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity of CD127(+) Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria","volume":"43","author":"JH Bernink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322116.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.02.010","article-title":"Intraepithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells are a unique subset of IL-12- and IL-15-responsive IFN-\u03b3-producing cells","volume":"38","author":"A Fuchs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706663105","article-title":"T cell expression of MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"105","author":"DF LaRosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12516","article-title":"Group 1 innate lymphoid cells in Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"40","author":"IR Dunay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref041","first-page":"124","article-title":"MyD88 is involved in myeloid as well as lymphoid hematopoiesis independent of the presence of a pathogen","volume":"3","author":"K Fiedler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Blood Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322116.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.04.008","article-title":"Toll-like receptors on hematopoietic progenitor cells stimulate innate immune system replenishment","volume":"24","author":"Y Nagai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322116.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-028704","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and their ligands control mesenchymal stem cell functions","volume":"109","author":"M Pevsner-Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0322116.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1629","article-title":"Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"9","author":"A Rolls","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2020.08.009","article-title":"Natural killers or ILC1s? That is the question","volume":"68","author":"C Seillet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322116.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149209","article-title":"Granzyme A and CD160 expression delineates ILC1 with graded functions in the mouse liver","volume":"51","author":"C Di Censo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"70","key":"pone.0322116.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabi8642","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abi8642","article-title":"Cytotoxic granzyme C-expressing ILC1s contribute to antitumor immunity and neonatal autoimmunity","volume":"7","author":"BG Nixon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0322116.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-187179","article-title":"Maturation of mouse NK cells is a 4-stage developmental program","volume":"113","author":"L Chiossone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322116.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145524","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01455-24","article-title":"T lymphocyte-dependent IL-10 down-regulates a cytokine storm driven by Toxoplasma gondii GRA24","volume":"15","author":"CM Doherty","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.2.798","article-title":"In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha","volume":"157","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212190","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1212190","article-title":"T cell intrinsic STAT1 signaling prevents aberrant Th1 responses during acute toxoplasmosis","volume":"14","author":"AB Schultz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00300-5","article-title":"The IL-27R (WSX-1) is required to suppress T cell hyperactivity during infection","volume":"19","author":"A Villarino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20191520","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20191520","article-title":"ILC2s are the predominant source of intestinal ILC-derived IL-10","volume":"217","author":"JK Bando","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014774","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1014774","article-title":"Development and function of regulatory innate lymphoid cells","volume":"13","author":"CM Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322116.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0194-8","article-title":"Functional interactions between innate lymphoid cells and adaptive immunity","volume":"19","author":"GF Sonnenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00416","article-title":"Maintenance of Immune Homeostasis through ILC\/T Cell Interactions","volume":"6","author":"N von Burg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6238","key":"pone.0322116.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4812","article-title":"Immune tolerance. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells mediate intestinal selection of commensal bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cells","volume":"348","author":"MR Hepworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7452","key":"pone.0322116.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12240","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells regulate CD4+ T-cell responses to intestinal commensal bacteria","volume":"498","author":"MR Hepworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322116.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102158","article-title":"T cells regulate lymph node-resident ILC populations in a tissue and subset-specific way","volume":"24","author":"P Bresler","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"7691","key":"pone.0322116.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25437","article-title":"Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism","volume":"554","author":"K Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322116.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.121","article-title":"Conventional CD4+ T cells regulate IL-22-producing intestinal innate lymphoid cells","volume":"7","author":"LL Korn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0322116.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(99)80064-3","article-title":"Cell-mediated immunity to Toxoplasma gondii: initiation, regulation and effector function","volume":"201","author":"GS Yap","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322116.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3332","article-title":"Complementarity and redundancy of IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells","volume":"17","author":"LC Rankin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322116.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3553","article-title":"Evidence of innate lymphoid cell redundancy in humans","volume":"17","author":"F V\u00e9ly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322116.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0204895","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204895","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection triggers chronic cachexia and sustained commensal dysbiosis in mice","volume":"13","author":"JA Hatter","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T17:40:57Z","timestamp":1745948457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322116"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sriram","family":"Chitta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}}}