{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:17:07Z","timestamp":1789503427427,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["6637-300, 2016-NG48002-00, 2019-NI085-00, and 2016-ER4202-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6637-300, 2016-NG48002-00, 2019-NI085-00, and 2016-ER4202-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection accounted for 1.3 million deaths worldwide in 2022. Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB); however, it has limited protective efficacy in adults. In this study, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing Ag85B from <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> using a novel attenuated vaccinia virus (KVAC103). We then analyzed the immunogenicity of prime-boost inoculation strategies using recombinant KVAC103 expressing Ag85B (rKVAC85B) compared to BCG. In both rKVAC85B prime-boost and BCG prime-rKVAC85B boost inoculation regimens, rKVAC85B induced the generation of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretion of interferon-\u03b3 by immune cells. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> analysis of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> growth inhibition revealed a comparable immune-mediated pattern of outcomes. Furthermore, bacterial loads in the lungs were significantly lower in mice inoculated with the BCG prime-rKVAC85B boost than in the BCG-only group following a rechallenge infection with both H37Rv and HN878 strains of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. These findings collectively suggest that KVAC103, incorporated into a viral vector, is a promising candidate for the development of a novel TB vaccine platform that is effective against multiple <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> strains, including H37Rv and HN878, and that rKVAC85B effectively stimulates immune responses against <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T17:33:12Z","timestamp":1747243992000},"page":"e0322147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and immunogenicity of rKVAC85B in a BCG prime-boost regimen against H37Rv and HN878 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1525-2396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eunkyung","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Seung","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Ran","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Ran","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyung Tae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dokeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Sik","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9819-2398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hye-Sook","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0322147.ref001","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2023. 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