{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:33:52Z","timestamp":1789918432827,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study compared the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) and hot water immersion (HWI) on muscle recovery following a muscle-damaging exercise protocol in women. Thirty healthy women (23.3 \u00b1 2.9 years) were randomly assigned to either the CWI, HWI, or control (CON) groups. Participants completed a standardised exercise protocol (5 x 20 drop-jumps), followed by a 10\u2009min recovery intervention (CWI, HWI, or CON) immediately and 120\u2009min post-exercise. Physiological responses, including muscle oxygen saturation (SmO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), core and skin temperature, and heart rate, were assessed at baseline, immediately post-exercise, after the first recovery intervention (postInt), and during 30\u2009min follow-up. Recovery was evaluated through maximal voluntary isometric contraction, muscle swelling, muscle soreness ratings, and serum creatine kinase at baseline, 24, 48, and 72\u2009h post-exercise. A mixed-effects model was used to account for repeated measures over time. Results showed lower SmO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values in the CWI compared to the HWI group at 20\u2009min (\u0394-6.76%, CI: \u22120.27 to \u221213.25, p = 0.038) and 30\u2009min (\u0394-9.86%, CI: \u22123.37 to \u221216.35, p = 0.001), and compared to CON at 30\u2009min (\u0394-7.28%, CI: \u221213.77 to \u22120.79, p = 0.022). Core temperature was significantly higher in the HWI than the CWI group (postInt and 30\u2009min), while it was significantly lower in the CWI group than CON (30\u2009min). CWI caused a substantial decrease in skin temperature compared to HWI and CON between postInt and 30\u2009min follow-up (all p &lt; 0.001). Skin temperature was higher in the HWI group compared to CON at postInt and throughout 30\u2009min follow-up (all p &lt; 0.001). No significant differences in recovery markers were observed between CWI and HWI groups, although HWI led to slightly higher creatine kinase levels (24\u2009h and 72\u2009h) and greater muscle swelling (24\u2009h) compared to CON. Despite distinct acute physiological responses to CWI and HWI, neither improved subjective or objective recovery outcomes during the 72\u2009h follow-up compared to CON in women following a muscle-damaging exercise protocol.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT04902924 (ClinicalTrials.gov), SNCTP000004468 (Swiss National Clinical Trial Portal).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T13:22:03Z","timestamp":1746624123000},"page":"e0322416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["No acceleration of recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage after cold or hot water immersion in women: A randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1788-2401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Wellauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-5332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ron","family":"Clijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giannina","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8878-7060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emilia","family":"Riggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-0211","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erich","family":"Hohenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322416.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24077","article-title":"Lengthening 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