{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:11:45Z","timestamp":1775751105512,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024416","name":"Jimma University Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JUIH\/1212\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JUIH\/1212\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The epidemiological characteristics of musculoskeletal infections are constantly evolving. Despite the significant burden of musculoskeletal infections in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data regarding the potential causes and treatment outcomes of such infections in the region. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess a management protocol, clinical outcomes, and associated factors among adult individuals diagnosed with musculoskeletal infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adult patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), Ethiopia with a diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections was enrolled prospectively from July 2022-December 2022. Clinical characteristics, management protocol, and complications were recorded from admission to discharge. Bacteria were identified by a series of biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v.23 and the p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 160 participants included in the study, 103(64.37%) were male, and the mean age 33.51\u2009\u00b1\u200913.56 years. About 94 (58.8%) of patients had microbial growth, of which 75.5% accounts for mono-microbial. <jats:italic>The common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> in (22.4%), <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (18.1%), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (14.7) and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumonia<\/jats:italic> (11.2). The isolated etiologies were resistant to Ceftriaxone in 67(81.70%) and Ceftazidime in 47(61.8%) of test results. Nearly all (98.8%) of patients were took antibiotics on admission and Ceftriaxone was highly utilized as monotherapy in (23.4%) of patients. Nearly half (46.9%) of the patients were develop treatment failure. Sex [AOR\u2009=\u20092.56, 95%CI (1.07\u20136.23)], microbial growth [AOR\u2009=\u20093.03, 95%CI (1.31\u20136.97)], ceftriaxone resistance [AOR\u2009=\u20094.46, 95%CI (1.06\u201318.67)], co-morbidities [AOR\u2009=\u20092.32, 95%CI (1.007\u20135.36)], and complications [AOR\u2009=\u20092.80, 95%CI (1.26\u20136.20)] were associated with treatment failure outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Close to half of adult patients with musculoskeletal infections experienced treatment failure. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> stood out as the prevailing bacterial strain identified. The timely switching of parenteral antibiotics to oral counterparts, alongside timely surgical interventions, significantly enhanced the recovery outcomes for these individuals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T17:43:57Z","timestamp":1746207837000},"page":"e0322471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bacterial profile, treatment outcomes, and determinants among adult patients with musculoskeletal infections admitted to Jimma Medical Center: A prospective observational 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