{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:52:41Z","timestamp":1787953961485,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wenhui Wang Dongguan Famous TCM Expert Inheritance Studio","award":["no.5000164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no.5000164"]}]},{"name":"Higher Education Research Key Fund Project of Guangdong University of Technology","award":["no.GXLX20210106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no.GXLX20210106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although previous studies suggested associations between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD), the directionality and causality of these relationships remain controversial. This study employed bidirectional Mendelian randomization to investigate the potential causal relationships between these two inflammatory skin conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Genome-wide association statistics were obtained for psoriasis and AD from large-scale consortia and meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies. Inverse-variance weighting, as the primary analysis, was combined with five complementary sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness and potential pleiotropy of the data. Additionally, we performed gene mapping of psoriasis-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and subsequent pathway analysis to further elucidate the potential relationships.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Genetic predisposition to psoriasis was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AD (odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.876; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.834\u20130.921; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20091.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>). Conversely, genetic predisposition to AD did not affect the risk of psoriasis. The associations remained consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses, and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Gene mapping identified eight key genes (<jats:italic>ENSG00000249738<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ENSG00000291336<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ENSG00000291338<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ENSG00000285703<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>OR2W1-AS1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HLA-DQA1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FBXL18<\/jats:italic>, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (<jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic>) located on chromosomes 5, 6, 7 and 17. Notably, <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic> emerged as a core gene involved in key biological processes, including the TCR signaling pathway and protein metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This comprehensive MR study provided evidence of the protective causal effect of psoriasis on the risk of AD, whereas no reverse causal relationship was noted. These findings enhanced our understanding of the relationship between psoriasis and Ad and identified potential implications for their clinical management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T17:22:17Z","timestamp":1757352137000},"page":"e0322602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causal associations between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6959-9283","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quncai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-1327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9583","key":"pone.0322602.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61128-3","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis","volume":"370","author":"CE Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9997","key":"pone.0322602.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61909-7","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"386","author":"WH Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0322602.ref003","article-title":"Causal associations between vitamin D levels and psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"14","author":"Y Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0322602.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.08.008","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: two different immune diseases or one spectrum?","volume":"48","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"10247","key":"pone.0322602.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31286-1","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"396","author":"SM Langan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0322602.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050884","article-title":"Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis: mimics, overlaps, and complications","volume":"4","author":"EC Siegfried","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322602.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104200","article-title":"Mutual antagonism of T cells causing psoriasis and atopic eczema","volume":"365","author":"S Eyerich","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322602.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.29","article-title":"Can atopic eczema and psoriasis coexist? 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