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In total, 176 cats were selected: 116 with progressive infection (FeLV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>P), 30 with regressive infection (FeLV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> R), and 30 FeLV-negative cats (Control). The cats underwent testing using ELISA to detect the FeLV p27 antigen and nested polymerase chain reaction to identify U3-LTR region and <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> proviral DNA. The cats were clinically monitored until their death or for a period ranging 12\u201354 months. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis and Cox regression. The median survival time following FeLV diagnosis was 30 days for the FeLV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>P group. The median survival time was not reached for the other groups. The cats\u2019 health status (sick) at the time of inclusion in the study and the progression status of the FeLV infection led to a 4\u20135-fold increase in the Hazard Ratio (HR) for death in the general population. The primary causes of death among cats in the FeLV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>P group were lymphoma, leukemia, anemia, and other diseases. In the FeLV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>R group, the causes of death included leukemia, anemia, and other diseases. Progressive FeLV infection reduced life expectancy, whereas regressive FeLV infection had no direct impact on the survival curve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T17:37:37Z","timestamp":1751391457000},"page":"e0322691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Survival analysis and clinical abnormalities in cats with progressive or regressive feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-9292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovana","family":"Biezus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-0687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thierry","family":"Grima de Cristo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Maria","family":"Flores Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia Yasmin","family":"de Quadros Kaveski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Sarria Viana Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Eduardo","family":"Ferian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6845-6344","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renata Assis","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0322691.ref001","first-page":"293","article-title":"Viral diagnostic criteria for Feline immunodeficiency virus and Feline leukemia virus infections in domestic cats from Buenos Aires, Argentina","volume":"48","author":"S Galdo Novo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322691.ref002","first-page":"2055116917752587","article-title":"Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection in Malaysia: a retrospective study","volume":"4","author":"A Sivagurunathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep"},{"key":"pone.0322691.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.12.004","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in cats of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil","volume":"63","author":"G Biezus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0322691.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081718","article-title":"Prevalence of different courses of feline leukaemia virus infection in four European countries","volume":"15","author":"J Giselbrecht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0322691.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.05.019","article-title":"Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus among client-owned cats and risk factors for infection in Germany","volume":"11","author":"SE Gleich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0322691.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.251.2.187","article-title":"Seroprevalences of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats in the United States and Canada and risk factors for seropositivity","volume":"251","author":"AN Burling","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322691.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12440531","article-title":"Survey of the feline leukemia virus infection status of cats in Southern Germany","volume":"14","author":"T Englert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"pone.0322691.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2023.105945","article-title":"Progressive and regressive infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats in southern Brazil: Prevalence, risk factors associated, clinical and hematologic alterations","volume":"216","author":"G Biezus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0322691.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.3390\/v11110993","article-title":"Pan-European Study on the prevalence of the feline leukaemia virus infection - 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