{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:33:01Z","timestamp":1790778781533,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22hma922001 and JP23hma322014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22hma922001 and JP23hma322014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"There was no additional external funding received for this study."},{"name":"The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RF-A) is a promising therapeutic option for bile duct strictures. However, conventional catheter RF-A has several limitations, and its usefulness and application remain debated. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of a novel heated-balloon ablation (HB-A).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A prototype HB-A catheter, along with an assembly created from freshly resected porcine liver and a specific jig, was used in this study. The test HB-A setting was set in six patterns: 70\u00b0C in the target temperature with 2.5\u2009min in the target temperature maintenance time, 70\u00b0C with 5\u2009min, 75\u00b0C with 2.5\u2009min, 75\u00b0C with 5\u2009min, 80\u00b0C with 2.5\u2009min, and 80\u00b0C with 5\u2009min. The study outcomes included the ablation range and temperature propagation associated with HB-A.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The lengths and depths of the ablation area were 15.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 and 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1, 18.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 and 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1, 18.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 and 2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2, 18.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 and 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1, 19.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 and 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1, and 20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 and 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009mm in 70\u00b0C for 2.5\u2009min, 70\u00b0C for 5\u2009min, 75\u00b0C for 2.5\u2009min, 75\u00b0C for 5\u2009min, 80\u00b0C for 2.5\u2009min, and 80\u00b0C for 5\u2009min, respectively. Excessive ablation was not observed during any procedure. The temperature cutoff for achieving or not achieving the ablation effect was between 55 and 60\u00b0C for every setting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The novel HB-A treatment has good temperature and ablation range control with high reproducibility under the same settings while preventing excessive ablation. This study paves the way for further evaluation of this procedure and its early clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T17:54:23Z","timestamp":1747072463000},"page":"e0322801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Heated-balloon ablation as a novel less invasive local treatment for bile duct strictures: A first experimental 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