{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:50:49Z","timestamp":1792029049806,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cohen Comparative Medicine Research Award","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To examine the effects of ambient temperature on the reproducibility and translation of a murine sepsis model, we hypothesized that acclimation of mice in temperatures within their thermoneutral zone would alter immune responses and outcomes compared to standard housing temperatures. Mice housed for one week in thermoneutral (30\u00b0C) as compared to standard (22\u00b0C) conditions displayed lower counts of circulating neutrophils (0.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20 vs. 1.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.54 x10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL; p\u2009=\u20090.011) and peritoneal macrophages (0.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57 vs. 1.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62 x 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL; p\u2009=\u20090.002) as well as reduced <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> production of IFN-\u03b3 by stimulated splenocytes (0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68 vs 2.55\u2009\u00b1\u20090.76 x10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> pg\/mL, respectively, p\u2009=\u20090.004). After one week of temperature acclimation followed by CLP, the 7-day mortality was significantly lower under thermoneutral as compared to standard temperatures (80% vs 30%, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.012), although core body temperature was preserved (average for 24 hours: 36.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u00b0C vs 31.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7\u00b0C; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The lower survival was accompanied by increased systemic IL-6 levels (3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3 vs 1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 x10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> pg\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.04) and less robust influx of neutrophils into the peritoneum (1.68\u2009\u00b1\u20091.07 vs. 4.20\u2009\u00b1\u20092.46 x10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.0003). Overall, thermoneutral temperatures impacted innate immune parameters before and after CLP, producing distinctly different outcomes. Therefore, ambient temperature is an important variable that could impact model reproducibility and should be reported for the acclimation period and experimentation phases of murine sepsis studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T17:38:08Z","timestamp":1748626688000},"page":"e0322855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of thermoneutral acclimation on a murine model of polymicrobial peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Goldia","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-9870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean","family":"Nemzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0322855.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0322855.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002899","article-title":"Sepsis: A Threat That Needs a Global Solution","volume":"46","author":"FR Machado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322855.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001242","article-title":"Part II: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Types of Infections and Organ Dysfunction Endpoints","volume":"51","author":"C Libert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0322855.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39421","article-title":"Animal models of sepsis and sepsis-induced kidney injury","volume":"119","author":"K Doi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0322855.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.5MR0315-127R","article-title":"The future of murine sepsis and trauma research models","volume":"98","author":"PA Efron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322855.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001209","article-title":"Part III: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Fluid Resuscitation and Antimicrobial Therapy Endpoints","volume":"51","author":"J Hellman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322855.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001243","article-title":"Part I: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Study Design and Humane Modeling Endpoints","volume":"51","author":"B Zingarelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322855.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001164","article-title":"Premise for Standardized Sepsis Models","volume":"51","author":"DG Remick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"pone.0322855.ref009","volume-title":"Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals., Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.), National Academies Press (U.S.). 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