{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T04:12:47Z","timestamp":1746677567914,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is known that laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can cause visual field defects. There are no reports comparing the visual fields of ROP patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy and those of normal controls. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for the anti-VEGF therapy group and a prospective study was carried out for the normal control group. Visual fields were tested using Goldmann perimetry. The viewing angles in eight directions (upper, nasal-upper, nasal, nasal-lower, lower, temporal-lower, temporal and temporal-upper) and the total angle were compared between the two groups. Children aged 4 years and older who could undergo a visual field test were included. The anti-VEGF therapy group comprised children treated for Type 1 ROP with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab or ranibizumab between April 2010 and September 2019. The normal control group comprised children with best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 or better, and without a history of any ophthalmologic diseases that cause visual field defects. Thirteen eyes of 7 patients in the anti-VEGF therapy group and 10 eyes of 5 patients in the normal control group met the criteria. The visual field angles were significantly narrower in the anti-VEGF therapy group, compared with the normal control group, for the total, and the upper, nasal-upper, nasal-lower, lower, temporal-lower, temporal and temporal-upper directions (502 versus 540\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.002; 53 versus 57\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.02; 55 versus 62\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.04; 56 versus 61\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.005; 60 versus 66\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.005; 72 versus 77\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.04; 82 versus 90\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.005; and 62 versus 72\u2009degrees, P\u2009=\u20090.002, respectively). Patients with ROP may exhibit narrower-than-normal visual fields after anti-VEGF therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T17:51:22Z","timestamp":1746640282000},"page":"e0322941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual fields after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for retinopathy of 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