{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:21:53Z","timestamp":1773300113958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010076","name":"Conseil R\u00e9gional Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERDF PRIMI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERDF PRIMI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> yeasts are commensals of human skin. In contrast to culture-based studies, metagenomic studies have detected abundant <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> reads in the gut, especially in patients living with HIV. Whether <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> colonizes and persists in the gut remains an open question. This study aimed to describe the influence of HIV-associated immunodeficiency on gut colonization by <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> and to assess whether <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> are alive. Stool samples were prospectively collected over one\u2013five visits from ten controls and 23 patients living with HIV (10 had CD4\u2009&lt;\u2009200\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and 13 had CD4\u2009&gt;\u2009500\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). Each sample was cultured and subjected to <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> viability PCR and both fungal and bacterial metabarcoding. Abundant <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic> colonies were cultured from an HIV-immunocompromised patient. <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. globosa<\/jats:italic> were isolated in very low quantities from healthy volunteers. Viability <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>-specific qPCR was positive in three HIV-immunocompromised patients. Metagenomic analyses showed that <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> reads were significantly more abundant in immunocompromised patients living with HIV and erratic over time in all participants. Our findings emphasise that <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> are rarely cultured from human stool samples, despite the use of specific culture media. Although HIV-related immunosuppression appears to be associated with the presence of <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>, these yeasts do not persist and colonise the gut, even in immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T20:40:37Z","timestamp":1747860037000},"page":"e0322982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Do Malassezia yeasts colonize the guts of people living with HIV?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Abdourahim","family":"Abdillah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Ravaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saadia","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-5276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Ranque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0322982.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00021-11","article-title":"The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases","volume":"25","author":"G Gaitanis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin 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