{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T04:06:56Z","timestamp":1747109216238,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/12815-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/12815-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["150041\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150041\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unesp-Botucatu sheep acute pain scale (USAPS) was validated for assessing postoperative abdominal pain. We aimed to investigate the clinical applicability and test the psychometric properties of USAPS to assess postoperative pain in sheep submitted to orthopedic surgery. Twenty-three healthy sheep undergoing patellofemoral joint arthrotomy were video-recorded for three minutes before and after surgery, after postoperative analgesic rescue, and 24 hours post-surgery. Four evaluators, unaware of the recording time points, randomly assessed all videos twice at one-month intervals. Intra-observer reliability based on the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was very good for all evaluators (ICC: 0.82\u20130.93). Inter-observer reliability was very good for four of six pairs of evaluators (ICC: 0.84\u20130.9) and good for two (ICC: 0.77 and 0.80). Principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the USAPS\u00b4s unidimensional structure. The concurrent criterion validity had a strong Spearman correlation (rho: 0.80) between the USAPS and the Visual Analogue Scale. Responsiveness was evidenced by the highest USAPS total score 2 and 24 hours after surgery, and intermediate scores after analgesic rescue. USAPS items had an acceptable Spearman item-total correlation (rho: 0.38\u20130.64), except appetite (rho: 0.25). Internal consistency was excellent according to Cronbach\u2019s alpha (\u03b1: 0.84) and acceptable according to McDonald\u2019s omega coefficients (\u03c9: 0.75). Specificity was 100% and sensitivity was 71%. USAPS cut-off point was\u2009\u2265\u20094 of 10, the same applied for soft tissue surgery. The area under the curve of 0.91 demonstrates the high discriminatory capacity of the scale. The item appetite can be excluded without affecting the USAPS cut-off point. We concluded that USAPS had satisfactory psychometric properties and, is a valid and reliable clinical tool for assessing pain in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T18:02:41Z","timestamp":1747072961000},"page":"e0323132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical validation of the Unesp-Botucatu acute pain scale in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nuno Emanuel de Oliveira Figueiredo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8522-5553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro Henrique Esteves","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Ven\u00e2ncio","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Augusta","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilda Onghero","family":"Taffarel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-4336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mayara Travalini","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubia Mitalli","family":"Tomacheuski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo dos Santos","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Liz Garcia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stelio Pacca Loureiro","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0323132.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8120225","article-title":"Sheep farmers\u2019 perception of welfare and pain associated with routine husbandry practices in Chile","volume":"8","author":"C Larrondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323132.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.75","article-title":"Improving analgesia provision for sheep: an analysis of farm medicine records and attitudes towards pain relief on sheep farms in Northern Ireland","volume":"10","author":"PE Crawford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Rec Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0323132.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091528","article-title":"Survey on sheep usage in biomedical research","volume":"10","author":"CM Berset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0323132.ref004","volume-title":"Summary report on the statistics on the use of animals for scientific purposes in the Member States of the European Union and Norway in 2022","author":"European Comission","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0323132.ref005","first-page":"1251","article-title":"The sheep as a large animal model for the investigation and treatment of human disorders","volume":"11","author":"A Banstola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0323132.ref006","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Annual statistics of scientific procedures on living animals. 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