{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:07:42Z","timestamp":1781017662767,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation at Linkou Branch","award":["CORPG3M0131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3M0131"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nCOVID-19 has had a significant impact on healthcare workers. Although several studies have looked at the pandemic\u2019s physical and mental effects on nurses, little has been done to investigate their spiritual health and its relationship to stress and sleep quality during the late pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPurpose<\/jats:title>\nThis study sought to fill a knowledge gap in the literature about the relationships between nurses\u2019 reported stress, sleep quality, and spiritual health during the late COVID-19 epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nA cross-sectional study using purposive sampling was performed out in a medical center in Taiwan. A total of 376 nurses participated. The Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Spiritual Health Scale-Short Form were used for assessing nurses\u2019 stress levels, sleep quality, and spiritual health.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nThe results showed that the mean perceived stress score was 1.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 (out of 4), the sleep quality score was 8.17\u2009\u00b1\u20093.29 (out of 21), and the mean spiritual health score was 3.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59 points (out of 5). Although 77.1% of the nurses in this study experienced sleep disorders (PSQI\u2009>\u20095), they had better sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic than those in other countries. Perceived stress, sleep quality, and spiritual health were significantly correlated. Nurses with support from their friends and family and hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic had lower perceived stress and higher sleep quality and spiritual health scores than their peers (p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.05). Age, work experience, sleep quality, and spiritual health were predictors of perceived stress in nurses during the late COVID-19 pandemic (F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920.19, p\u2009<\/jats:italic><\u2009.001) and could explain 30.6% of the variation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nSpiritual health is correlated with the nurses\u2019 stress levels. Despite providing extrinsic support, we encourage nursing management to pay attention to nurses\u2019 spiritual needs and implement psychological education programs to help frontline nurses navigate ever-changing and discerning healthcare environments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T17:40:12Z","timestamp":1747071612000},"page":"e0323164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The relationships among nurses\u2019 spiritual health, sleep quality, and stress and the factors influencing stress during the late global COVID-19 pandemic: A cross- sectional 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