{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:05:50Z","timestamp":1784127950283,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007088","name":"Uniwersytet Jagiello\u0144ski w Krakowie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.1.11.2020.74"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.1.11.2020.74"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>UV-A, an important part of sunlight radiation, is typically absent in experiments on plant-endophyte interactions. We examined the impact of UV-A in the 350\u2013400\u2009nm range (UV-A1 waveband) on the plant interactions with fungal endophytes belonging to different taxonomic groups: <jats:italic>Paraphoma chrysanthemicola<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Phomopsis columnaris<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Diaporthe eres<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic> sp., and yeast <jats:italic>Sporobolomyces ruberrimus<\/jats:italic>. Physiologically relevant levels of UV-A did not substantially affect the colonisation of shoots and roots by endophytes. UV-A upregulated the expression of genes involved in the establishment of symbiosis. Specifically, the expression of <jats:italic>PDF1.2<\/jats:italic> was affected by <jats:italic>P. chrysanthemicola<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. ruberrimus<\/jats:italic> only under UV-A conditions. Additionally, UV-A exposure upregulated the mRNA levels of <jats:italic>ICS1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PAL1<\/jats:italic>, genes important for plant responses to stress factors. Inoculation with <jats:italic>P. chrysanthemicola<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. ruberrimus<\/jats:italic> led to increased expression of the <jats:italic>ICS1<\/jats:italic> gene. We did not observe significant interactions between the effects of UV-A and the presence of endophytes on other examined plant traits, including plant fresh weight, root system architecture, and expression of plant photoreceptor genes. For these physiological parameters, the effects of the presence of endophytes did not depend on UV-A supplementation. Our findings indicate that while UV-A does not substantially influence plant colonisation by the endophytes, it does trigger the upregulation of plant defence genes and affects the shoot growth of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T17:51:39Z","timestamp":1747331499000},"page":"e0323576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of UV-A on endophyte colonisation of Arabidopsis thaliana"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Giza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Hermanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Wa\u017cny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Domka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Rozp\u0105dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-1658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justyna","family":"\u0141abuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323576.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13948","article-title":"Light acts as a stressor and influences abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants","volume":"44","author":"VM Roeber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"pone.0323576.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31885\/9789521083631","volume-title":"Beyond the visible: A handbook of best practice in plant UV photobiology","author":"P Aphalo","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0323576.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1039\/c8pp00526e","article-title":"A perspective on ecologically relevant plant-UV research and its practical application","volume":"18","author":"TM Robson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0323576.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2016.11.014","article-title":"UV-A radiation effects on higher plants: Exploring the known unknown","volume":"255","author":"D Verdaguer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323576.ref005","article-title":"Natural variation in UV-B protection amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions","volume":"24","author":"MAK Jansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"EJFA"},{"key":"pone.0323576.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00140-3","article-title":"Ecotypic differences in responses of Arabidopsis thaliana L. to elevated polychromatic UV-A and UV-B+A radiation in the natural environment: a positive correlation between UV-B+A inhibition and growth rate","volume":"60","author":"NM Cooley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"pone.0323576.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14727","article-title":"Ultraviolet-A1 radiation induced a more favorable light-intercepting leaf-area display than blue light and promoted plant growth","volume":"47","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323576.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9060634","article-title":"UV-A Supplement Improved Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Purple Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)","volume":"9","author":"H Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"pone.0323576.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.109110","article-title":"UV-A light induces a robust and dwarfed phenotype in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) without affecting fruit yield","volume":"263","author":"M Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientia Horticulturae"},{"key":"pone.0323576.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-009-0064-5","article-title":"PAR modulation of the UV-dependent levels of flavonoid metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 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