{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T05:32:09Z","timestamp":1773898329979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005672","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24 scholarships awarded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24 scholarships awarded"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24 scholarships awarded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24 scholarships awarded"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12 scholarships awarded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12 scholarships awarded"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of auditory stimuli on mares and geldings during social isolation and movement restriction, and their ability to promote the reduction of stress responses. The research was conducted with eight Pantaneiro horses, divided into Experiment I (4 mares) and Experiment II (4 geldings), both experiments were executed equally using a 4x4 Latin square design with experimental (classical, country and new age) and control (no music) treatments. Physiological parameters (heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, ocular temperature by infrared thermography, and surface temperature by infrared thermometer) and facial expressions (<jats:italic>eye closure<\/jats:italic> (AU143), <jats:italic>blink<\/jats:italic> (AU145), <jats:italic>half blink<\/jats:italic> (AU47), <jats:italic>inner brow raiser<\/jats:italic> (AU101), <jats:italic>eye white increase<\/jats:italic> (AD1), <jats:italic>tongue show<\/jats:italic> (AD19), <jats:italic>nostril dilator<\/jats:italic> (AD38), <jats:italic>chewing<\/jats:italic> (AD81), <jats:italic>ears forward<\/jats:italic> (EAD101), and <jats:italic>ear rotator<\/jats:italic> (EAD104)) were assessed throughout the 24 minutes that the animals remained in the restraining stock. In Experiment I, there was a reduction (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in heart rate during classical and country treatments and an increase (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in auricular and body temperatures during the classical treatment. Additionally, the frequencies of expressions of <jats:italic>nostril dilator<\/jats:italic> (AD38), <jats:italic>ear rotator<\/jats:italic> (EAD104), and <jats:italic>half blink<\/jats:italic> (AU47) were lower (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In Experiment II, there was an increase (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in ocular temperature during the country and control treatments, and a higher frequency (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) of <jats:italic>ears forward<\/jats:italic> (EAD101) during the country treatment. Exposure to Beethoven\u2019s 9th Symphony (classical genre) and Hank Williams Jr.\u2019s \u201cRamblin\u2019 In My Shoes\u201d (country genre) reduced stress in mares. Geldings showed less pronounced responses to music genres, indicating a possible preference for Janet Marlow\u2019s \u201cHorsing Around\u201d (new age genre). Music can be used as auditory enrichment for horses in the specific context of this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T17:59:17Z","timestamp":1747763957000},"page":"e0323649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Auditory enrichment on facial and physiological responses of Pantaneiro geldings and mares under short-term stress"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6795-9050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanessa Cristini Sebasti\u00e3o","family":"da F\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviane Maria Oliveira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Caroline Bini","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Simara Palermo","family":"Hernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-6127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabiana Ribeiro","family":"Caldara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6910-9368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marina De Nadai Bonin","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0323649.ref001","first-page":"233","article-title":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica.","volume-title":"Cavalo pantaneiro: r\u00fastico por natureza, vol. 10","author":"A Egito","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref002","unstructured":"Santos SA. Por que conservar o cavalo pantaneiro? 2008."},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref003","volume-title":"Hist\u00f3rico, viv\u00eancias e desafios do n\u00facleo de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do cavalo","author":"A Santos","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref004","volume-title":"Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o demogr\u00e1fica do cavalo pantaneiro nos munic\u00edpios de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul","author":"A Santos","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323649.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061798","article-title":"Basic Needs in Horses?-A Literature Review","volume":"11","author":"K Krueger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0323649.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13203180","article-title":"Olfactory Stimulation as Environmental Enrichment for Domestic Horses-A Review","volume":"13","author":"AC Bini de Lima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1079\/9781786393401.0242","article-title":"Mental health issues in the horse.","volume-title":"Mental health and well-being in animals","author":"DS Mills","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812106-1.00009-7","volume-title":"Equine behavioral medicine","author":"B Beaver","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0323649.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.02.003","article-title":"The effects of restriction of movement on the reliability of heart rate variability measurements in the horse (Equus caballus)","volume":"8","author":"V Vitale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00633","article-title":"Sensory Abilities of Horses and Their Importance for Equitation Science","volume":"7","author":"MV R\u00f8rvang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2018.12.011","article-title":"Use of Music Therapy in Aiding the Relaxation of Geriatric Horses","volume":"78","author":"M Wi\u015bniewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0323649.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2015.06.008","article-title":"Does Music Influence Emotional State in Race Horses?","volume":"35","author":"A Stachurska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2017.02.004","article-title":"Comparison of Effects of Different Relaxing Massage Frequencies and Different Music Hours on Reducing Stress Level in Race Horses","volume":"53","author":"W K\u0119dzierski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0323649.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7186","DOI":"10.3390\/app11167186","article-title":"Validation of Eye Temperature Assessed Using Infrared Thermography as an Indicator of Welfare in Horses","volume":"11","author":"S-M Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0323649.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131738","article-title":"EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System","volume":"10","author":"J Wathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323649.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78386-z","article-title":"Blink rate as a measure of stress and attention in the domestic horse (Equus caballus)","volume":"10","author":"RO Mott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323649.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241532","article-title":"Effect of transportation and social isolation on facial expressions of healthy horses","volume":"16","author":"J Lundblad","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0323649.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9080562","article-title":"Eye Blink Rates and Eyelid Twitches as a Non-Invasive Measure of Stress in the Domestic Horse","volume":"9","author":"K Merkies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref019","article-title":"Climate Regionalization in Mato Grosso do Sul: a Combination of Hierarchical and Non-hierarchical Clustering Analyses Based on Precipitation and Temperature","volume":"65","author":"de Souza A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz arch biol technol"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref020","first-page":"157","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais alternativos para confec\u00e7\u00e3o do term\u00f4metro de globo","volume":"26","author":"C Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia e Agrotecnologia"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref021","volume-title":"Principles of animal environment","author":"ML Esmay","year":"1979"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0323649.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb05025.x","article-title":"Use of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index to quantify environmental heat loads during three-day-event competitions","author":"RC Schroter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref023","first-page":"3","article-title":"Horseback riding in the dog days","volume":"2","author":"S Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim Sci e-News"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323649.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02467-7","article-title":"Heat stress in horses: a literature review","volume":"67","author":"H Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107984","article-title":"Effect of opening on environmental conditions of a naturally ventilated stable in Thailand","volume":"200","author":"C Tantasavasdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.35798","article-title":"Thermal Environment in a Four-Horse Slant-Load Trailer","volume":"200","author":"JL Purswell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans ASABE"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref027","article-title":"Hist\u00f3rico, viv\u00eancias e desafios do n\u00facleo de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do cavalo Pantaneiro","author":"AS Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Ci\u00eanc Agr\u00e1r"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref028","first-page":"140","article-title":"Evaluation of physiological parameters of pantaneiro horses undergoing tourist ride\/avaliacao dos parametros fisiologicos de equinos da raca pantaneira submetidos a cavalgada turistica\/evaluacion de parametros fisiologicos de caballos pantaneiros sometidos a cabalgada turistica","volume":"24","author":"D Senna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinaria e Zootecnia"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref029","first-page":"509","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o do cavalo pantaneiro ao estresse da lida di\u00e1ria de gado no Pantanal, Brasil","author":"LD Silva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Zootec"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.07.003","article-title":"A Preliminary Study Investigating the Influence of Auditory Stimulation on the Occurrence of Nocturnal Equine Sleep-Related Behavior in Stabled Horses","volume":"82","author":"N Hartman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323649.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.12982\/VIS.2021.023","article-title":"Effects of playing classical music on behavior of stabled horses","volume":"19","author":"X Huo","year":"2020","journal-title":"VIS"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0323649.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(00)80155-0","article-title":"A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior","volume":"20","author":"K Houpt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323649.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-009-0223-2","article-title":"How horses (Equus caballus) see the world: humans as significant \u201cobjects\u201d","volume":"12","author":"C Fureix","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim Cogn"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889117","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.889117","article-title":"From Soundwave to Soundscape: A Guide to Acoustic Research in Captive Animal Environments","volume":"9","author":"FE Clark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0323649.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54751\/revistafoco.v16n2-083","article-title":"Estimativa de tons e acordes musicais mediante an\u00e1lise espectro-temporal","volume":"16","author":"RB de Moraes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Foco"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Music genre classification using spectrograms.","volume-title":"2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)","author":"MR Nirmal","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref037","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Music genre recognition using spectrograms with harmonic-percussive sound separation. In: 35th International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC)","author":"AR Lima","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323649.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12499","article-title":"Brainstem auditory evoked responses in foals: reference values, effect of age, rate of acoustic stimulation, and neurologic deficits","volume":"29","author":"L Lecoq","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2019.05.003","article-title":"Establishing statistical stability for heart rate variability in horses","volume":"32","author":"L McDuffee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323649.ref040","first-page":"51","article-title":"Comparison of Body Temperatures of Goats, Horses, and Sheep Measured With a Tympanic Infrared Thermometer, an Implantable Microchip Transponder, and a Rectal Thermometer","volume":"37","author":"S Goodwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04882.x","article-title":"Transient respiration locomotion decoupling in galloping Thoroughbreds","volume":"27","author":"S Jolly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-1410-17","article-title":"Temperature range analysis (Tmax) on dorsal surface of sporting horses","volume":"39","author":"E Jodkowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk J Vet Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323649.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(98)80060-9","article-title":"Rehydration following exercise: effects of administration of water versus an isotonic oral rehydration solution (ORS)","volume":"156","author":"DJ Marlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref044","volume-title":"Facial action coding system (FACS). A human face","author":"P Ekman","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323649.ref045","first-page":"243","article-title":"Anxiety and autonomic flexibility: a cardiovascular approach","volume":"47","author":"BH Friedman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36675-1_5","article-title":"Heart rate variability.","volume-title":"Advances in cardiac signal processing","author":"UR Acharya","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323649.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.28.99","article-title":"Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability as a function of age in Thoroughbred horses","volume":"28","author":"H Ohmura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Equine Sci"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref048","volume-title":"Semiologia veterin\u00e1ria: a arte do diagn\u00f3stico","author":"FLF Feitosa","year":"2004"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0323649.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2018.102015","article-title":"A Study into Blood Flow, Heart Rate Variability, and Body Surface Temperature While Listening to Music","volume":"10","author":"K Itao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0323649.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123572","article-title":"The Effect of Music on Livestock: Cattle, Poultry and Pigs","volume":"11","author":"P Ciborowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-7-27","article-title":"Auditorystimulation with music influences the geometric indices of heart rate variability in men","volume":"7","author":"SAF da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Arch Med"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref052","volume-title":"The Effects of Music on Dairy Production","author":"A Kemp","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2016.08.019","article-title":"Classical music reduces acute stress of domestic horses","volume":"15","author":"C Neveux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.02.018","article-title":"Indicators of stress in equitation","volume":"190","author":"U K\u00f6nig v. Borstel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0323649.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2013.807243","article-title":"The effect of stress on core and peripheral body temperature in humans","volume":"16","author":"CH Vinkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.08.013","article-title":"The use of a mirror reduces isolation stress in horses being transported by trailer","volume":"116","author":"R Kay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2007.1s.769","article-title":"Evaluation of skin temperature change as stress indicator in rabbit through infrared thermography","volume":"6","author":"F Luzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref058","volume-title":"An investigation into the use of infrared thermography as a tool to assess the physiological stress response in the horse","author":"K Yarnell","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323649.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2011.08.001","article-title":"The effect of double bridles and jaw-clamping crank nosebands on temperature of eyes and facial skin of horses","volume":"7","author":"P McGreevy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0323649.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2012.03.005","article-title":"Changes in Eye Temperature and Stress Assessment in Horses During Show Jumping Competitions","volume":"32","author":"M Valera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0323649.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001626","article-title":"Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance","volume":"7","author":"E Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.044","article-title":"Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic","volume":"93","author":"M Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref063","first-page":"621","article-title":"Adrenocortical and metabolic responses to acth injection in horses: an assessment by salivary cortisol and infrared thermography of the eye","volume":"81","author":"N Cook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.05.013","article-title":"An assessment of the aversive nature of an animal management procedure (clipping) using behavioral and physiological measures","volume":"118","author":"K Yarnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323649.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35807-z","article-title":"Horses (Equus caballus) facial micro-expressions: insight into discreet social information","volume":"13","author":"C Tomberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1696","key":"pone.0323649.ref066","first-page":"2895","article-title":"An integrative and functional framework for the study of animal emotion and mood","volume":"277","author":"M Mendl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref067","first-page":"10","article-title":"Facial expressions of emotional stress in horses","author":"J Lundblad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biorxiv"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0323649.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231608","article-title":"Equine Facial Action Coding System for determination of pain-related facial responses in videos of horses","volume":"15","author":"M Rashid","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0323649.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.105045","article-title":"Equine Stress: Neuroendocrine Physiology and Pathophysiology","author":"M Kovac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine and Science. IntechOpen"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323649.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286045","article-title":"Horse behavior and facial movements in relation to food rewards","volume":"18","author":"LG Carmo","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323649.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118468","article-title":"Mares prefer the voices of highly fertile stallions","volume":"10","author":"A Lemasson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323649.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010127","article-title":"Musical Dogs: A Review of the Influence of Auditory Enrichment on Canine Health and Behavior","volume":"10","author":"AM Lindig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323649.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2006.05.011","article-title":"Sex differences in emotional and psychophysiological responses to musical stimuli","volume":"62","author":"UM Nater","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323649.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6807(199604)33:2<159::AID-PITS9>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Gender-related worry and emotionality test anxiety for high-achieving students","volume":"33","author":"JE Williams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Schs"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323649.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.31.2.007","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of tongue ties on stress parameters, behaviour and heart-rate variability in racehorses","volume":"31","author":"A Barton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim welf"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T17:59:36Z","timestamp":1747763976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323649"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julio Cesar de","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323649","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]}}}