{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:42:32Z","timestamp":1788392552290,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Oxidative stress contributes to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) pathogenesis, but its role in BPH with bladder diverticulum is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective cohort study compared 126 BPH patients at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The study involved two groups (n\u2009=\u200963 for each group): group A, comprising patients with BPH, and group B, consisting of BPH patients with bladder diverticulum. Ultrasound imaging and CT scans were employed to assess the features of BPH and bladder diverticulum, respectively. Various clinical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were compared between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Group B exhibited significantly higher creatinine (101.8\u2009\u00b1\u200927.6 \u00b5mol\/L vs. 56.1\u2009\u00b1\u200923.6 \u00b5mol\/L, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), WBC counts (7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 vs. 4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2079\/L, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), residual urine volume (400.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009252.0\u2009mL vs. 150.7\u2009\u00b1\u200993.9\u2009mL, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and oxidative stress markers, including 8-OHdG (1.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58 vs. 1.70\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73\u2009ng\/mg creatinine, p\u2009=\u20090.014) and MDA (2.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57 vs. 2.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57 \u03bcmol\/L, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In group A, 8-OHdG positively correlated with residual urine volume (rho\u2009=\u20090.68) and nitric oxide with bladder wall thickness (rho\u2009=\u20090.70), while quality of life (QoL) negatively correlated with nitric oxide (rho\u2009=\u2009-0.76). In group B, oxidative stress markers correlated positively with BMI (e.g., homocysteine, rho\u2009=\u20090.69) and bladder wall thickness (e.g., nitric oxide, rho\u2009=\u20090.69), with QoL negatively correlated with uric acid (rho\u2009=\u2009-0.78).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Bladder diverticulum in BPH patients is associated with elevated oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and impaired bladder function.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T17:51:21Z","timestamp":1747331481000},"page":"e0323677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prospective observational study of oxidative stress in the pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder diverticulum"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shuijing","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3896-2659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref001","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Prospective observational study to assess the safety and efficacy of once-daily tamcontin (R) tablet (continus (R) controlled release tablet of tamsulosin hydrochloride, 0.4\u2009mg) in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) in routine clinical practice\u2014an Indian experience","volume":"6","author":"D Suman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0323677.ref002","article-title":"Modified benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) specific quality of life scale and IPSS in assessment of quality of life in lower urinary tract symptom patients due to BPH","volume":"15","author":"D Sarkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323677.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-20-311","article-title":"Multiple bladder diverticula with Williams-Beuren syndrome: a case report","volume":"9","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101351","article-title":"Urinary bladder neck diverticular stone in patient with multiple congenital anomaly (Jarcho-Levin syndrome)","volume":"33","author":"S Natanel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036222","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1036222","article-title":"One-stage laparoscopy combined with resectoscope in the treatment of huge bladder diverticulum, multiple stones in diverticulum, multiple stones in bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia: A case report","volume":"9","author":"W Zhengqiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.02.2440","article-title":"One-stage transvesical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (T-LESS) for removal of two bladder diverticula in a female patient","volume":"197","author":"M Roslan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0323677.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-022-02248-3","article-title":"Transurethral suturing of bladder following transurethral excision of female vesico-urachal diverticula: a novel technique with long-term follow-up results","volume":"26","author":"J Neymeyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref008","article-title":"Bladder outlet obstruction relief and symptom improvement following medical and surgical therapies for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review","author":"M Creta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323677.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056234","article-title":"Reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"T Vredeveld","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0323677.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2909336","article-title":"\u03b2-adrenoceptor signaling activation improves bladder fibrosis by inhibiting extracellular matrix deposition of bladder outlet obstruction","volume":"29","author":"J Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0323677.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21281","article-title":"The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mediates the cytoskeletal remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder outlet obstruction","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref012","first-page":"5757367","article-title":"Astragaloside IV protects detrusor from partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced oxidative stress by activating mitophagy through AMPK-ULK1 pathway","volume":"2022","author":"X Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323677.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11884-017-0418-3","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers for bladder outlet obstruction","volume":"12","author":"K Monastyrskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref014","article-title":"Correlation between initial International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"41","author":"S Chamnarnprai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Sci Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2023.45.181.38723","article-title":"Giant stone in a urinary bladder diverticulum in a 69-year-old male: a case report","volume":"45","author":"S Syarif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323677.ref016","article-title":"Successful conservative management of a spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of bladder diverticulum in a critical patient: a case report","volume":"99","author":"SB Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01359-0","article-title":"Size doesn\u2019t always matter: the case of a voluminous bladder with a diverticulum in an otherwise healthy subject","volume":"36","author":"V Esposito","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.39.171.29742","article-title":"Rupture of urinary bladder diverticulum","volume":"39","author":"D Coco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mda as a bio-marker for benign prostatic hyperplasia in pakistani population","volume":"1","author":"M Arif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-022-00228-3","article-title":"Oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"75","author":"A Domoslawska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ir Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0323677.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297922050030","article-title":"Oxidative stress and redox-dependent signaling in prostate cancer","volume":"87","author":"EV Kalinina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2020.151073","article-title":"ROS and oncogenesis with special reference to EMT and stemness","volume":"99","author":"R Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173631","article-title":"Amelioration of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia using febuxostat in rats: The role of VEGF\/TGF\u03b2 and iNOS\/COX-2","volume":"889","author":"AM Abdel-Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275775","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2023.2275775","article-title":"Association of serum uric acid levels with benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men: results from NHANES 2005-2008","volume":"26","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref025","first-page":"50","article-title":"Activity of plasma nitric oxide synthase and nitrosative stress status in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"9","author":"O Popoola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Univ Lagos J Basic Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref026","first-page":"302","article-title":"Oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxyguanosine is more highly expressed in prostate cancer than in benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"9","author":"S Ohtake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref027","article-title":"Study of oxidative stress and one carbon metabolism in prostate neoplasm in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"14","author":"S Sannigrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323677.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2020.04.002","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety profile of 4 vs 8\u2009mg of silodosin once daily usage in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia\u2013related lower urinary tract symptoms divided into subgroups according to International Prostate Symptom Score severity","volume":"8","author":"A Gul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prostate Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323677.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043287","article-title":"A novel low-cost uroflowmetry for patient telemonitoring","volume":"20","author":"SD Pandolfo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323677.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2020.66.7.19","article-title":"Estimation levels of prostate-specific antigen, interleukin-8, oxidative stress and some inflammatory markers in sera of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who have smoking habits as a risk factor","volume":"66","author":"RMGT Al-Barzinj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603231192738","article-title":"Immediate effect of alpha-blockers in predicting LUTS improvement in BPH patients","volume":"91","author":"P Sevach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urologia"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173301","article-title":"Management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) by combinatorial approach using alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors","volume":"883","author":"OA Zitoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-021-03911-2","article-title":"IPSS \u201cbother question\u201d score predicts health-related quality of life better than total IPSS score","volume":"40","author":"FV Hopland-Nechita","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0725-9","article-title":"Urinary tract infection associated with conditions causing urinary tract obstruction and stasis, excluding urolithiasis and neuropathic bladder","volume":"30","author":"CF Heyns","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030542","article-title":"Diagnosis of uric acid-based urine sedimentation in the bladder using dual-energy CT","volume":"13","author":"C Booz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0323677.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6102","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206102","article-title":"8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine and 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2\u03b1: Putative biomarkers to assess oxidative stress damage following Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP)","volume":"11","author":"A Di Minno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10030126","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in high-risk prostate cancer subjects","volume":"10","author":"S Shukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323677.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.05.024","article-title":"Impact of retained cystoscopy fluid after laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"RB Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref039","article-title":"Mp45-13 preclinical safety and efficacy of a chitosan-based hemostatic device to control and prevent hemorrhage after transurethral prostatic surgery","volume":"201","author":"J Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0323677.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113743","article-title":"Urinary 8-OHdG as a biomarker for oxidative stress: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"M Graille","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323677.ref041","first-page":"221","article-title":"Effectiveness of garlic extract (Allium sativum) to reduce level of malondialdehyde serum and improve quality of life in patients with chronic hemodialysis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"A Istiqomah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Penyakit Dalam Indones"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323677.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.09.034","article-title":"Impact of serum uric acid levels on cardiovascular events and quality of life in patients with chronic coronary syndromes: insights from a contemporary, prospective, nationwide registry","volume":"32","author":"L De Luca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323677.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040595","article-title":"Antioxidants-Related Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) gene variants analysis in an obese population: a preliminary case-control study","volume":"10","author":"AMT Gusti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12412","article-title":"Association between homocysteine and obesity: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23100","article-title":"Oxidative stress promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"76","author":"P Vital","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"pone.0323677.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.034","article-title":"Oxidative damage in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer co-exposed to phthalates and to trace elements","volume":"121","author":"W-H Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323677.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/66837","article-title":"Oxidative stress parameters in patients with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis: A prospective controlled study","volume":"26","author":"E Kaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323677.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062336","article-title":"Urinary oxidative stress biomarker levels might be useful in identifying functional bladder disorders in women with frequency and urgency syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Y-H Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323677.ref049","article-title":"Bladder cancer associated with elevated heavy metals: Investigation of probable carcinogenic pathways through mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"43","author":"B Ali-El-Dein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-009-0438-5","article-title":"The difference in oxidative stress of the blood between using 5% glucose water and distilled water as the irrigant for BPH patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate","volume":"28","author":"S-S Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323677.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-024-00864-9","article-title":"TGF\u03b22 mediates oxidative stress-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of bladder smooth muscle","volume":"60","author":"J Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0323677.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102138","article-title":"Effects of inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and STAT3\/NF-\u03baB- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by a high-fat diet","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323677.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.03.002","article-title":"Role of the phytoestrogenic, pro-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties of silymarin in inhibiting experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats","volume":"219","author":"RT Atawia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323677.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-022-03246-w","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase1 inhibitor \u201cVinpocetine\u201d ameliorates the inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide in urinary bladder: an experimental study","volume":"55","author":"RS Abdelrahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0323677.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28196","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c01450","article-title":"Caftaric acid ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, and bladder overactivity in rats having interstitial cystitis: an in silico study","volume":"8","author":"I Anjum","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T17:51:32Z","timestamp":1747331492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323677"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw Jacek","family":"Wro\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323677","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}}}