{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:24:23Z","timestamp":1789100663513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diseases in crops are a major contributor to yield reduction and economic losses. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by <jats:italic>Cercospora beticola<\/jats:italic>, is among the most severe diseases affecting sugar beet and other crops. The increasing resistance of <jats:italic>C. beticola<\/jats:italic> to conventional chemical fungicides, along with their excessive application, exacerbates environmental pollution. This study investigates the antagonistic activity of a newly isolated strain, <jats:italic>Bacillus velezensis<\/jats:italic> KT27, against <jats:italic>Cercospora beticola<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rhizoctonia cerealis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic> under laboratory conditions. The bacterium\u2019s ability to produce lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin, and fengycin) and solubilize phosphorus, potassium, and zinc was also assessed. In vitro assays revealed that <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> KT27 effectively inhibited <jats:italic>C. beticola<\/jats:italic> growth (60.2%), though it exhibited lower antagonistic activity against <jats:italic>R. cerealis<\/jats:italic> (22.5%) and <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic> (15.5%). The elimination of bacterial biomass by centrifugation and the use of sterile supernatant reduced antifungal activity by more than 3.5-fold for all tested fungi, highlighting the importance of direct bacterial interactions. Notably, the antagonistic effect of <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> KT27 against <jats:italic>C. beticola<\/jats:italic> significantly increased when bacterial cultures were supplemented with thermally inactivated fungal biomass of <jats:italic>C. beticola<\/jats:italic> especially <jats:italic>R. cerealis<\/jats:italic>. Field experiments demonstrated the high efficacy of <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> KT27 biological control agent, particularly when induced by <jats:italic>R. cerealis<\/jats:italic>. The level of CLS protection achieved with the bacterial treatment was only 9.1% lower than that obtained using a combination of three chemical fungicides. Additionally, the biocontrol agent positively influenced sugar beet growth, leading to a root yield increase of up to 15.2% compared to the untreated control. These findings highlight the potential of <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> KT27 as an effective and environmentally sustainable biocontrol agent against CLS in sugar beet cultivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T17:44:12Z","timestamp":1748627052000},"page":"e0323889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Biocontrol of Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beet by a novel Bacillus velezensis KT27 strain: Enhanced antifungal activity and growth promotion in laboratory and field conditions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Bia\u0142as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Czaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dro\u017cd\u017cy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Sobiech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Grzanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Danielewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Jajor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Horoszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-990X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roman","family":"Marecik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323889.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.108","article-title":"Pesticides, environment, and food safety","volume":"6","author":"FP Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur"},{"key":"pone.0323889.ref002","first-page":"229","article-title":"Toxicological studies and field applications of a new Bacillus thuringiensis isolate (Bt1) and two chemical pesticides on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) 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