{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:47:36Z","timestamp":1790473656570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"NINDS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 114642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 114642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Quantitative T1 mapping is a valuable technique for assessing tissue injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. We previously introduced a novel methodology for converting high-resolution anatomical 3D T1-weighted (T1W) images into parametric T1 relaxometry maps. Herein, we correlate MS lesion pathology as quantified by retroactive T1 mapping with clinical and MRI metrics of disability and with magnetization transfer ratio (MTR).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>38 subjects with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were examined, contributing to 587 unique lesions for analysis. T1 and MTR values were compared using correlation statistics. Univariate correlations between lesional T1 or MTR and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were examined using Spearman\u2019s rho (\u03c1), and for disease duration and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), Pearson\u2019s r. Mean T1 values of lesions were compared across different categories of EDSS severity using Kruskal-Wallis test. Ordinal regression model was used to assess the association between EDSS and T1 values of select brain regions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean T1 of lesions showed a high correlation with - MTR, r\u2009=\u20090.68. T2 lesion volumes stratified based on different T1 thresholds showed a significant correlation with MS disease metrics: lesion volume threshold at 700\u2009&lt;\u2009T1\u2009&lt;\u2009900 was correlated with disease duration (r\u2009=\u20090.34, p\u2009=\u20090.04) and BPF (r\u2009=\u2009-0.47, p\u2009=\u20090.003); lesion volume threshold at 900\u2009&lt;\u2009T1\u2009&lt;\u20091100 was correlated with EDSS (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.42, p\u2009=\u20090.01), disease duration (r\u2009=\u20090.45, p\u2009=\u20090.01), and BPF (r\u2009=\u2009-0.56, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); lesion volume threshold at T1\u2009&gt;\u20091100 was correlated with EDSS (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.41, p\u2009=\u20090.01), disease duration (r\u2009=\u20090.45, p\u2009=\u20090.001), and BPF (r\u2009=\u2009-0.51, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). T1 values at the 25<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>, 50<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>, and 75<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> percentiles significantly correlated with BPF (r\u2009=\u2009-0.41, p\u2009=\u20090.01; r\u2009=\u2009-0.41, p\u2009=\u20090.01; r\u2009=\u2009-0.38, p\u2009=\u20090.02). MTR showed a significant correlation with EDSS but not with disease duration or BPF. Mean T1 values in the NAWM showed a significant association with EDSS (coefficient\u2009=\u20090.03, pseudo R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.07, p\u2009=\u20090.03).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We provide clinical validation of retroactive T1 mapping as a complementary post-processing technique for monitoring disease activity and disability progression in MS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T17:44:31Z","timestamp":1747676671000},"page":"e0323898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of retroactively derived T1 relaxation values from 3D T1-weighted images with clinical and MRI measures of disability in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7731-2334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Griffin","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian S.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Howlett-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Frisosky","family":"Abuaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1834-7606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adil","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0323898.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420515","article-title":"Inflammatory central nervous system demyelination: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with lesion pathology","volume":"42","author":"W Br\u00fcck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0323898.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1051228405284200","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the monitoring of multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"PA Narayana","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"pone.0323898.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.8.1469","article-title":"Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. 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