{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:37:27Z","timestamp":1792100247929,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting Ziektekostenverzekering Krijgsmacht","award":["23-0166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-0166"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec015\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Deficits in dynamic postural stability are associated with increased risk of lower limb injuries. Objective dynamic postural stability assessments typically require force plates, which are not commonly available in the clinic. Moreover, these outcomes are not directly related to balance strategies, which hampers clinical interpretation and translation to therapeutic goals. Direct measurements of kinematics can be more suitable in these respects. This study aims to investigate the concurrent validity and responsiveness of trunk angular velocity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec016\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data from fourteen healthy participants were analyzed using a within-subject design. Participants were standing on one leg on a platform with an embedded force plate that was used to impose mediolateral perturbations to evoke balance responses. To introduce variability within participants, perturbation amplitude and base-of-support width were manipulated. Time-to-stability, mean center of pressure speed and the mean vertical force deviation of the ground reaction force were derived from force plate data and mean trunk angular velocity was obtained from an inertial measurement unit. All outcomes were calculated over a five-second time window after perturbation onset. Multilevel correlations were calculated to assess the concurrent validity of trunk angular velocity. To compare the responsiveness of trunk angular velocity and force plate-based outcomes, effect sizes of a repeated measures ANOVA were used.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trunk angular velocity correlated strongly with center of pressure speed (r\u2009=\u20090.78) and the vertical force deviation (r\u2009=\u20090.74) and moderately with time-to-stability (r\u2009=\u20090.61). Trunk angular velocity demonstrated the largest effect sizes in the repeated measures ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trunk angular velocity is a promising outcome to use in the clinic. Its concurrent validity and responsiveness are supported by the results of this study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1748368116000},"page":"e0323993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trunk angular velocity: A convenient, valid and responsive substitute for force plate-based measures of dynamic postural stability"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1737-7400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lammert A.","family":"Vos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-202X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maarten R.","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elien","family":"Plompen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-5585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaap H.","family":"van Die\u00ebn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idsart","family":"Kingma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0323993.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518808027","article-title":"Performance on a single-legged drop-jump landing test is related to increased risk of lateral ankle sprains among male elite soccer players: a 3-year prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"DP Fransz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323993.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.08","article-title":"Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review","volume":"47","author":"PA Gribble","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323993.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.01.003","article-title":"Reactive postural responses predict risk for acute musculoskeletal injury in collegiate athletes","volume":"26","author":"A Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323993.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.02.004","article-title":"Bilateral balance impairments after lateral ankle trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"EA Wikstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323993.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.04.001","article-title":"Rehabilitation and return to sport after hamstring strain injury","volume":"6","author":"LN Erickson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323993.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096178","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of acute and recurrent ankle sprain: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"C Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323993.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01424-3","article-title":"Risk factors for contra-lateral secondary anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"A Cronstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323993.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515621554","article-title":"Risk of secondary injury in younger athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"AJ Wiggins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0323993.ref009","article-title":"Factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: history in female athletes","author":"L Kramer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"pone.0323993.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.02.022","article-title":"The effect of cryotherapy on postural stabilization assessed by standardized horizontal perturbations of a movable platform","volume":"94","author":"PE Beelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0323993.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06647","article-title":"Reliability of a novel dynamic test of postural stability in high-level soccer players","volume":"7","author":"PE Beelen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pone.0323993.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.040","article-title":"Training potential of visual feedback to improve dynamic postural stability","volume":"92","author":"LA Vos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323993.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.06.002","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of dynamic tests and related force plate parameters used to evaluate neuromusculoskeletal function in foot and ankle pathology","volume":"28","author":"DP Fransz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323993.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516629635","article-title":"Baseline time to stabilization identifies anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk in collegiate athletes","volume":"44","author":"KM DuPrey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0323993.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.6.580","article-title":"Time to stabilization of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed versus healthy knees in national Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes","volume":"45","author":"KA Webster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323993.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.11.003","article-title":"Examining the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic postural stability measures in differentiating among ankle instability status","volume":"28","author":"K Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0323993.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5506","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085506","article-title":"Center of pressure deviation during posture transition in athletes with chronic ankle instability","volume":"20","author":"T Kikumoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323993.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.12.016","article-title":"The equations of motion for a standing human reveal three mechanisms for balance","volume":"40","author":"AL Hof","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0323993.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.7.M438","article-title":"Trunk sway measures of postural stability during clinical balance tests: effects of age","volume":"56","author":"J Gill","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0323993.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.013","article-title":"Can two-dimensional video analysis during single-leg drop vertical jumps help identify non-contact knee injury risk? A one-year prospective study","volume":"30","author":"B Dingenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0323993.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7575\/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.1p.36","article-title":"Benefits of IMU-based Wearables in Sports Medicine: Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"JS Arlotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJKSS"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0323993.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13851","article-title":"3D trunk orientation measured using inertial measurement units during anatomical and dynamic sports motions","volume":"31","author":"NP Brouwer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"51","key":"pone.0323993.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02306","article-title":"Methods and algorithms for correlation analysis in R","volume":"5","author":"D Makowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"pone.0323993.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makowski D, Wiernik BM, Patil I, L\u00fcdecke D, Ben-Shackar MS. correlation: Methods for correlation analysis [R package]. 2020.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.correlation"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0323993.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864","article-title":"Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation","volume":"126","author":"P Schober","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"pone.0323993.ref026","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0323993.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-0018-1","article-title":"The interpretation of statistical power after the data have been gathered","volume":"39","author":"JJ Dziak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0323993.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.04.017","article-title":"A new parameter for characterizing balancing ability on an unstable oscillatory platform","volume":"33","author":"RM Kiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T17:48:44Z","timestamp":1748368124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323993"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Holakoo","family":"Mohsenifar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0323993","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]}}}