{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:30:13Z","timestamp":1755221413423,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001348","name":"Spencer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Building on previous work on the spread and sustenance of crime, we construct and analyze a dynamical systems model of criminal involvement, arrest, desistance, and rehabilitation to be estimated empirically using interviews in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We examine how marginal increases in flows between states interact to decrease or increase the long-run level of crime, and whether this varies by subgroup. We study how observed racial disparities along certain pathways interact to generate macro-level disparities in criminal involvement as measured by arrest and self-report. Finally, we discuss the implications of the model for a broader policy debate on crime control and for competing explanations of the Black-White gap in criminal involvement. We find, among other conclusions, that marginal independent increases in first-time arrest rates (but not arrest rates for repeat offenders) increase long-run crime for all subgroups; that long-run crime levels for Black men are most sensitive to initial flows into crime and arrest and to rehabilitation; and that among people with no arrest history, Black women are significantly more likely than other subgroups to desist the following year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T17:45:53Z","timestamp":1754675153000},"page":"e0324014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A dynamical systems analysis of criminal behavior using national longitudinal survey of youth data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-7247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"McMillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Morenoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324014.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/000271626737400109","article-title":"Systems analysis and the criminal justice system","volume":"374","author":"A Blumstein","year":"1967","journal-title":"Annal Am Acad Politic Soc Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324014.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-economics-072412-131310","article-title":"Deterrence: a review of the evidence by a criminologist for economists","volume":"5","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Econ"},{"key":"pone.0324014.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-022-01576-7","article-title":"Does early adolescent arrest alter the developmental course of offending into young adulthood?","volume":"51","author":"BE Bersani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0324014.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8261","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808976116","article-title":"The criminogenic and psychological effects of police stops on adolescent black and Latino boys","volume":"116","author":"J Del Toro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0324014.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triplett R, Upton L. 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