{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1749874029025,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21AI173461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21AI173461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.953885\/2024-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.953885\/2024-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lynne Ausman Scholarship","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Protozoa in the genus <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> infect intestinal epithelial cells. The profile of the fecal microbiota has been shown to impact the proliferation of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic> in a mouse model of cryptosporidiosis and a reverse effect of the parasite on the microbiota has also been described. The mechanisms underlying this interaction are unknown. The lack of effective drugs and vaccines is motivating the search for pro- or prebiotics capable of increasing resistance to parasite proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract. To understand if and how the intestinal microbiota could be harnessed for this purpose, we tested if <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> proliferation in the mouse responds to oral administration of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. This bacterium was chosen because of its reported importance in mediating colonization resistance, because it encodes tryptophanase, an enzyme which converts tryptophan into indole, and because of the availability of an ampicillin-resistant strain expressing green fluorescent protein. Excretion of GFP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in the feces was highly variable among mice, a phenomenon which is also observed with <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>. A positive correlation between fecal output of probiotic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> was observed. This finding may indicate that intestinal colonization with two microorganisms as different as <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> responds to the same conditions in the GI tract. Consistent with an effect of the microbiota on cryptosporidiosis, the pre-infection microbiota taxonomic profile was predictive of mouse susceptibility to <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>. Contrary to the reported inhibitory effect of indole on <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>, microbiota indole production potential was positively correlated with <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> fecal output. The effect of cryptosporidiosis on the microbiota was characterized by an expansion of facultative anaerobes, particularly Gammaproteobacteria. This study is a first attempt to assess the proliferation in the mouse of a defined probiotic and quantify its effect on <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T17:33:06Z","timestamp":1749835986000},"page":"e0324042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of predicted microbiota tryptophanase activity on Cryptosporidium parvum proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-6861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debora Regina","family":"Romualdo da 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