{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:46:48Z","timestamp":1772894808829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-RS-2023-00253065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-RS-2023-00253065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the hemodynamic and structural differences between glaucoma patients who developed retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and those who did not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, single-center, case-control study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included glaucoma patients who underwent a heart rate variability (HRV) test between January 2018 and July 2024. Patients were subdivided into RVO and non-RVO groups. Baseline mean deviation (MD) and pattern deviation (PSD) of the visual field and optical coherence tomography parameters were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-nine glaucoma patients with RVO and 34 glaucoma patients without RVO were included. Baseline MD and PSD had no difference (MD: \u22125.98\u2009\u00b1\u20099.05 vs. \u22123.70\u2009\u00b1\u20094.70,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.114; PSD: 3.88\u2009\u00b1\u20093.78 vs. 3.98\u2009\u00b1\u20093.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.883). HRV parameters, specifically Standard Deviation of NN interval (SDNN) and root-mean-square of successive differences (rMSSD), were significantly lower in the RVO group (SDNN: 22.12\u2009\u00b1\u20098.27 vs. 36.71\u2009\u00b1\u200924.74,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002; rMSSD: 16.34\u2009\u00b1\u20099.55 vs. 29.87\u2009\u00b1\u200931.58,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). A significant difference in choroidal vascularity index was also observed between groups (64.62\u2009\u00b1\u20097.38 vs. 67.49\u2009\u00b1\u20095.90,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045). In a parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model, no variable retained statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that reduced heart rate variability, reflecting autonomic dysfunction, is associated with the development of RVO in glaucoma patients. Although these associations did not remain statistically significant in multivariable analysis, the consistent univariate findings indicate that HRV may serve as a potential vulnerability marker rather than an independent predictor. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify the clinical utility of HRV in risk stratification for RVO in glaucoma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:32:53Z","timestamp":1772821973000},"page":"e0324110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemodynamic instability and retinal vein occlusion in glaucoma: Comparative analysis of heart rate variability and choroidal perfusion"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9978-6215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324110.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010427","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010427","article-title":"Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors","volume":"9","author":"P Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0324110.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.92","article-title":"The burden of disease of retinal vein occlusion: review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"M Laouri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324110.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701851902","article-title":"Branch retinal vein occlusion: pathogenesis, visual prognosis, and treatment modalities","volume":"33","author":"J Rehak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324110.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.039","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health studies","volume":"112","author":"TY Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0324110.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4453","article-title":"Prevalence and systemic risk factors for retinal vein occlusion in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study","volume":"51","author":"M Yasuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0324110.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724780","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/724780","article-title":"Risk factors for central and branch retinal vein occlusion: a meta-analysis of published clinical data","volume":"2014","author":"P Kolar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324110.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00709-1","article-title":"Systemic diseases associated with various types of retinal vein occlusion","volume":"131","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0324110.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01720.x","article-title":"Retinal vein occlusion: an approach to diagnosis, systemic risk factors and management","volume":"38","author":"JWY Yau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0324110.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14141","article-title":"Association of glaucoma with risk of retinal vein occlusion: A meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"X Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0324110.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130537006","article-title":"Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion. 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