{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:22:35Z","timestamp":1783556555579,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor during both meningococcal and <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> meningitis. Pneumococcus does not produce LPS but could be responsible for bacterial digestive translocation as a consequence of sepsis. We addressed this question in the context of pneumococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional study on 24 patients with pneumococcal meningitis (20 (83%) admitted in intensive care unit, 4 (17%) with septic shock) and 34 prospectively-enrolled healthy volunteers. Interleukin 6 and C-reactive proteins plasma concentrations were measured as markers of systemic inflammation. Endotoxemia was measured using mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) for detection of molecules bound to the lipid A, namely 3-OH fatty acids.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Meningitis patients had significantly higher levels of plasma C-reactive protein (237 (74\u2013373) vs. 2 (2\u20132) mg\/l, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and interleukin 6 (43 (13\u2013128) vs. 4.6 (4.6\u201316.6) pg\/ml; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than healthy volunteers. However, we observed no significant difference in plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations between patients and healthy volunteers (674 (554\u2013896) vs. 668 (623\u2013777) pmol\/ml; p\u2009=\u20090.546).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results suggest that LPS is not a key determinant of the excessive inflammation associated with severe forms of pneumococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T20:20:23Z","timestamp":1747858823000},"page":"e0324153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pneumococcal meningitis and endotoxemia: A cross-sectional clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Godon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul Pais","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Piroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6541-2434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Blot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Meningotoxemia collaboration group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0324153.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5393","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215393","article-title":"Virulence Factors of Meningitis-Causing Bacteria: Enabling Brain Entry across the Blood-Brain Barrier","volume":"20","author":"R Herold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0324153.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848221094214","article-title":"The role of bacterial translocation in sepsis: a new target for therapy","volume":"15","author":"A Potruch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324153.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2087","article-title":"Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate 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Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324153.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01466-1","article-title":"Serum markers of microbial translocation and intestinal damage in assessment of gastrointestinal tract involvement in systemic sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"C Pellicano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0324153.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D059725","article-title":"Quantitative lipopolysaccharide analysis using HPLC\/MS\/MS and its combination with the limulus amebocyte lysate assay","volume":"56","author":"J-P Pais de Barros","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"pone.0324153.ref009","article-title":"Pneumococcal pneumonia and endotoxemia: an experimental and clinical reappraisal","author":"J Godon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0324153.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05749-0","article-title":"Improved quantification of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) burden in sepsis using 3-hydroxy myristate (3HM): a cohort study","volume":"45","author":"A Dargent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324153.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v088.i02","article-title":"JASP: Graphical Statistical Software for Common Statistical Designs","volume":"88","author":"J Love","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0324153.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050536","article-title":"Outstanding Contributions of LAL Technology to Pharmaceutical and Medical Science: Review of Methods, Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives in Early Detection and Management of Bacterial Infections and Invasive Fungal Diseases","volume":"9","author":"H Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324153.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249799","article-title":"I-FABP is decreased in COVID-19 patients, independently of the prognosis","volume":"16","author":"K Guedj","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0324153.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98012-w","article-title":"Accuracy of citrulline, I-FABP and d-lactate in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia","volume":"11","author":"A Nuzzo","year":"23","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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