{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T04:10:57Z","timestamp":1750824657634,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec015\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Few studies have examined the association between community solidarity and health-related behaviors. This study investigates solidarity in navigating challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec016\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used cross-sectional data from a multi-national survey of 1,346 respondents to examine (1) factors relating to feelings of solidarity, and (2) associations between solidarity and public health preventive behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>More than half (53.1%) of participants expressed feelings of solidarity; they were more likely to be aged 30 years or over, employed full-time, and residing in Eastern economies. We found a statistically significant association between positive feelings of solidarity and three of five COVID-19 prevention behaviors (social distancing, skipping an event, and masking in public). Those who reported previous influenza vaccination were also more likely to adopt these behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings underscore the potential of fostering community solidarity to enhance prosocial actions amid widespread emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T17:47:30Z","timestamp":1750787250000},"page":"e0324234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between community solidarity and adoption of public health preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional, multi-national sample"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8613-4429","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jill","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle Sarah","family":"Livings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanghong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Caicedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Belen","family":"Arteaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-6527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harry H. X.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramon","family":"Viwattanakulvanid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erlinda C.","family":"Palaganas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4324-4083","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria de Jesus","family":"Medina Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6349-5560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gil","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mellissa","family":"Withers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0324234.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-6706-7_1","article-title":"The human, economic, social, and political costs of COVID-19","volume-title":"Recovering civility during COVID-19","author":"M Bonotti","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17521-7","article-title":"Solidarity and reciprocity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal qualitative interview study from Germany","volume":"24","author":"FB Sch\u00f6nweitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref003","first-page":"448","article-title":"Le suicide, \u00e9tude de sociologie","volume":"8","author":"E Durkheim","year":"1898","journal-title":"Ancient Philosophy (Misc)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/1368431010362296","article-title":"Solidarity and social cohesion in late modernity: A question of recognition, justice and judgement in situation","volume":"13","author":"S Juul","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Theory"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731421997092","article-title":"Social Cohesion and Community Resilience During COVID-19 and Pandemics: A Rapid Scoping Review to Inform the United Nations Research Roadmap for COVID-19 Recovery","volume":"51","author":"RL Jewett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0324234.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063290","article-title":"Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceived Changes in Psychological Vulnerability, Resilience and Social Cohesion before, during and after Lockdown","volume":"19","author":"S Silveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9417(96)80029-X","article-title":"Sense of belonging and indicators of social and psychological functioning","volume":"10","author":"BM Hagerty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12439","article-title":"Compliance with governmental restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic: A matter of personal self-protection or solidarity with people in risk groups?","volume":"60","author":"L Liekefett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27668-9","article-title":"National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic","volume":"13","author":"JJ Van Bavel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2022.102870","article-title":"Salir Adelante: Social capital and resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic in Argentina","volume":"77","author":"ED Carter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23941\/ejpe.v14i1.558","article-title":"Neighbors help in a pandemic","volume":"14","author":"N Boyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.139","article-title":"Public behaviour in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: understanding the role of group processes","volume":"7","author":"J Drury","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31389\/lseppr.24","article-title":"Us and Them: On the Motivational Force of Formal and Informal Lockdown Rules","volume":"1","author":"J Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"LSE Public Policy Review"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2021.236","article-title":"From the \u201cfragile rationalist\u201d to \u201ccollective resilience\u201d: what human psychology has taught us about the COVID-19 pandemic and what the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us about human psychology","volume":"51","author":"S Reicher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12398","article-title":"On order and disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"59","author":"S Reicher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0324234.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10070248","article-title":"Considering COVID-19 through the lens of hazard and disaster research","volume":"10","author":"L Ritchie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/89.4.1363","article-title":"Social Relations that Generate and Sustain Solidarity after a Mass Tragedy","volume":"89","author":"J Hawdon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S1574019612001022","article-title":"How the Debt Crisis Exposes the Development of Solidarity in the Euro Area","volume":"9","author":"V Borger","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Constitutional Law Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0324234.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176885","article-title":"Natural disasters and indicators of social cohesion","volume":"12","author":"A Calo-Blanco","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.2522","article-title":"The social cohesion investment: Communities that invested in integration programmes are showing greater social cohesion in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"32","author":"F Lalot","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Community Appl Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/028072709801600305","article-title":"The effect of a natural disaster on social cohesion: A longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"S Sweet","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2146","article-title":"Emergent social identity and observing social support predict social support provided by survivors in a disaster: Solidarity in the 2010 Chile earthquake","volume":"46","author":"J Drury","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042041","article-title":"Levels, Predictors, and Distribution of Interpersonal Solidarity during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"19","author":"T Kaup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20160049","article-title":"The APRU Global Health Program: Past and Future","volume":"26","author":"J Samet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-022-00903-8","article-title":"Resilience level and its association with maladaptive coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey of the general populations","volume":"19","author":"MCS Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03425-6","article-title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic Mental Health Questionnaire (CoPaQ): psychometric evaluation and compliance with countermeasures in psychiatric inpatients and non-clinical individuals","volume":"21","author":"SV Rek","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref027","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO tool for behavioural insights on COVID-19. 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010180","article-title":"Staying Home, Distancing, and Face Masks: COVID-19 Prevention among U.S. Women in The COPE Study","volume":"18","author":"KM Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10461-0","article-title":"Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students","volume":"21","author":"C Barrett","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2023.101983","article-title":"Expectations, reference points, and compliance with COVID-19 social distancing measures","volume":"103","author":"G Briscese","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Behav Exp Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref031","article-title":"Increasing uptake of social distancing during COVID-19: machine learning strategies for targeted interventions","volume":"4","author":"G Charles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harvard Data Science Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0324234.ref032","article-title":"Factors associated with high compliance behaviour against COVID-19 in the early phase of pandemic: a cross-sectional study in 12 Asian countries","volume":"11","author":"CE Chua","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0324234.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240785","article-title":"Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"15","author":"MH Haischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0008423920000311","article-title":"A Rare Moment of Cross-Partisan Consensus: Elite and Public Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada","volume":"53","author":"E Merkley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103355","article-title":"Mask-wearing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: The role of individualism in a collectivistic country","volume":"82","author":"J-B Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102537","article-title":"Understanding the influence of contextual factors and individual social capital on American public mask wearing in response to COVID-19","volume":"68","author":"F Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13755-z","article-title":"Infection preventive behaviors and its association with perceived threat and perceived social factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: 2020 community health survey","volume":"22","author":"WI Hyun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref038","article-title":"Social-ecological factors related to preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea","volume":"17","author":"SH Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0324234.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45221","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey","volume":"16","author":"B-L Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0324234.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241259","article-title":"A national cross-sectional survey of public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic: Self-reported beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors","volume":"15","author":"J Parsons Leigh","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2020.1871157","article-title":"Compliance with preventative measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and Canada: Results from an online survey","volume":"60","author":"D Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0324234.ref042","article-title":"Population adherence to infection control behaviors during Hong Kong\u2019s first and third COVID-19 waves: A serial cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"EYY Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0324234.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16543","article-title":"Association Between COVID-19 Exposure and Self-Reported Compliance With Public Health Guidelines Among Essential Employees at an Institution of Higher Education in the US","volume":"4","author":"TL Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0324234.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233668","article-title":"Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia","volume":"15","author":"AA Azlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529751680.n11","article-title":"Collective trauma.","volume-title":"Together apart: The psychology of COVID-19","author":"O. Muldoon","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430220983440","article-title":"Intergroup and intragroup dimensions of COVID-19: A social identity perspective on social fragmentation and unity","volume":"24","author":"D Abrams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Group Processes & Intergroup Relations"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref047","first-page":"100074","article-title":"Double pandemic: racial discrimination amid coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"2","author":"IY Addo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Humanit Open"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958999","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.958999","article-title":"The slow violence of racism on Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"G Wong-Padoongpatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306604","article-title":"Mistrust, Empowerment, and Structural Change: Lessons We Should Be Learning From COVID-19","volume":"112","author":"BO Ojikutu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0324234.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.696169","article-title":"Individualism-collectivism and personality","volume":"69","author":"HC Triandis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0324234.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330211072371","article-title":"Solidarity and collectivism in the context of COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"AV Flynn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0324234.ref052","article-title":"Positive association between individualism and vaccination resistance against COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese adults: Mediations via perceived personal and societal benefits","volume":"9","author":"Y Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref053","unstructured":"Castle C, Di Guilmi C, Stavrunova O. Individualism and collectivism as predictors of compliance with COVID-19 public health safety expectations. In: Department of Economic Working Paper Series, 2021."},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2021.1890637","article-title":"COVID-19 risk perception: a longitudinal analysis of its predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom","volume":"24","author":"CR Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Risk Research"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600826","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.600826","article-title":"The Role of Collectivism-Individualism in Attitudes Toward Compliance and Psychological Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"12","author":"WS Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-022-02972-z","article-title":"Individualism versus collectivism and the early-stage transmission of COVID-19","volume":"164","author":"S Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0324234.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2021.1993532","article-title":"COVID-19 and Public Masking Compliance in Korea: We-ness and Individualism-Collectivism at the Individual Level","volume":"38","author":"Y Mo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899730","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.899730","article-title":"How culture orientation influences the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical analysis","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2022.2069571","article-title":"Collectivism, individualism and COVID-19 prevention: a cross sectional study of personality, culture and behavior among Canadians","volume":"10","author":"KG Card","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278929","article-title":"Assessing the role of collectivism and individualism on COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors in the Southeastern United States","volume":"18","author":"JM Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30301-6","article-title":"The relationship between cultural tightness-looseness and COVID-19 cases and deaths: a global analysis","volume":"5","author":"MJ Gelfand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649-020-00134-2","article-title":"Vietnam\u2019s Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak","volume":"12","author":"S Ivic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Bioeth Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211019920","article-title":"Stay Socially Distant and Wash Your Hands: Using the Health Belief Model to Determine Intent for COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors at the Beginning of the Pandemic","volume":"48","author":"JPD Guidry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2021.110158","article-title":"COVID-19 compliance behaviors of older people: The role of cognitive and non-cognitive skills","volume":"210","author":"AE Clark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Econ Lett"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2022.09.015","article-title":"Knowledge acquisition and precautionary behaviors for individual resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: A study of rural Latin America","volume":"95","author":"A Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Rural Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412471347","article-title":"Peer influences on adolescent decision making","volume":"22","author":"D Albert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.38.1.15","article-title":"Social norms and dietary behaviors among young adults","volume":"38","author":"JE Pelletier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0324234.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323211027536","article-title":"Empowering People to Make Healthier Choices: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Tackling Obesity Policy","volume":"31","author":"G Brookes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324234.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0505-8","article-title":"Validation of a social cohesion theoretical framework: a multiple group SEM strategy","volume":"52","author":"G Bottoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality & Quantity"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649-020-00122-6","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: a Litmus Test of Trust in the Health System","volume":"12","author":"V Gopichandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Bioeth Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01417-2","article-title":"Understanding how communities respond to COVID-19: experiences from the Orthodox Jewish communities of Antwerp city","volume":"20","author":"J Vanhamel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab219","article-title":"Dynamics of social corrections to peers sharing COVID-19 misinformation on WhatsApp in Brazil","volume":"29","author":"S Vijaykumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14616696.2020.1833067","article-title":"Coming together or coming apart? Changes in social cohesion during the Covid-19 pandemic in England","volume":"23","author":"M Borkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Societies"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114361","article-title":"Individual and community social capital, mobility restrictions, and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel analysis of a representative US survey","volume":"287","author":"J Laurence","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21620555.2020.1820860","article-title":"Can neighborhoods protect residents from mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from Wuhan","volume":"53","author":"J Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Sociological Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-021-00532-3","article-title":"Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Inequalities in COVID-19 Diagnosis Rates by Area-Level Black\/African American Racial Composition","volume":"98","author":"Y Ransome","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"pone.0324234.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102540","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic minority and neighborhood disadvantage leads to disproportionate mortality burden and years of potential life lost due to COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois","volume":"68","author":"JB Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324234.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaab101","article-title":"Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Longitudinal Trans-Theoretical Study to Determine Factors that Predict Intentions and Behavior","volume":"56","author":"S Shiloh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324234.ref079","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Young Italians","volume":"11","author":"S Kibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0324234.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.010","article-title":"Predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Results of a nationwide survey","volume":"39","author":"JB Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0324234.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.41888","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Influenza Vaccine History and Changes in Influenza Vaccination","volume":"5","author":"AM Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0324234.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2021.1990006","article-title":"Psychosocial Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate Against the Coronavirus (COVID-19)","volume":"49","author":"HP Huynh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0324234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T17:47:49Z","timestamp":1750787269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0324234"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jiankun","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0324234","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]}}}