{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:11:26Z","timestamp":1767183086699,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014414","name":"Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronis\u0142awa Czecha w Krakowie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project No.: 296\/BS\/INP\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project No.: 296\/BS\/INP\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The circulatory system plays a significant role in the adaptation of the human body to varying environmental conditions and stress factors, such as cold water immersion. The aim of the study was to determine whether a single immersion in cold water below 4 \u00b0C, at air temperature of -15 \u00b0C constitutes a health risk in young healthy men. For this purpose, the following parameters were determined in the blood samples collected in 13 young males before and after cold water immersion: electrolytes, renal profile, liver profile, lipid profile, glucose, testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol. After the immersion, a statistically significant decrease was found for Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    (p\u2009\u2264\u20090.027), mean values of renal profile indicators: urea (p\u2009=\u20090.0019), creatinine (p\u2009=\u20090.0007), and uric acid (p\u2009=\u20090.0293), as well as testosterone (p\u2009=\u20090.000037). In turn, higher values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (p\u2009=\u20090.0425), total bilirubin (p\u2009=\u20090.0033), aspartate transaminase (p\u2009=\u20090.0023), alanine transaminase (p\u2009=\u20090.0053), lactate dehydrogenase (p\u2009=\u20090.0336), creatine kinase (p\u2009=\u20090.0117), CK-MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (p\u2009=\u20090.0028), and high-density lipoprotein (p\u2009=\u20090.0270) were measured after cold water immersion. No significant changes in other biochemical parameters were observed. Single cold water immersion thus resulted in significant changes of blood parameters within non-pathological limits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T13:41:39Z","timestamp":1748007699000},"page":"e0324502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Single immersion in cold water below 4 \u00b0C: A health hazard in young healthy 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