{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:58:16Z","timestamp":1789185496474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sleep problems (SP) are prevalent among small-scale miners, yet little is known about their psychological and occupational determinants. We examined the association between work-related stress (WRS) and SP among small-scale miners in Ghana and explored the mediating roles of anxiety and depression in this association.,<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this community-based cross-sectional study, data were collected from 664 miners in Obuasi,Ghana. WRS and SP were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), respectively, while anxiety and depression were measured using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Adjusted multivariate regressions and bootstrapped serial mediation models (Hayes\u2019 PROCESS Model 6) evaluated the hypothesized pathways.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean (SD) age was 28.8 (8.2) years, and 84.3% were males. WRS was significantly associated with SP (B = 0.2964, 95% CI = 0.2398\u20130.3530), with both direct (42.5%) and indirect (57.5%) effects. Anxiety mediated 38.0% of the total effect, depression 11.4%, and the anxiety\u2013depression pathway 8.1%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study findings suggest that anxiety and depression serially mediate the WRS\u2013SP link. These results underscore the need to address occupational stressors and incorporate mental health support into workplace policies to improve sleep quality and overall well-being in this vulnerable workforce.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T17:27:36Z","timestamp":1754674056000},"page":"e0324579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Work-related stress and sleep problems among small-scale miners in Ghana: The role of psychological factors"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8651-5209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nyaaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Francesca","family":"Epis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Guodaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razak M.","family":"Gyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0324579.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.02.036","article-title":"Sleep quality as a mediator of the relation between depression and chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"R Karimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324579.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217001454","article-title":"Sleep and mood in older adults: coinciding changes in insomnia and depression symptoms","volume":"30","author":"MJ Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0324579.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8457","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148457","article-title":"Sleep quality and aging: a systematic review on healthy older people, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"M Casagrande","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0324579.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR-08-2016-0239","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between sleep quality, emotional well-being and aggression levels in a European sample","volume":"9","author":"L Freitag","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Aggress Confl Peace Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0324579.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.05.004","article-title":"Sleep and happiness in urban-dwelling older adults in Ghana: a serial multiple mediation model of generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms","volume":"31","author":"RM Gyasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0324579.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.12.007","article-title":"Effect of 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms and occupational stress on self-reported sleep quality: a cross-sectional study in Xinjiang, China","volume":"20","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0324579.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002497","article-title":"Sleep problems in pain patients entering tertiary pain care: the role of pain-related anxiety, medication use, self-reported diseases, and sleep disorders","volume":"163","author":"T Miettinen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324579.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01524-0","article-title":"Sleeping time is associated with functional limitations in a national sample of older Americans","volume":"33","author":"BM Vincent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"pone.0324579.ref009","volume-title":"Guidance on work-related stress: Spice of life or kiss of death?","author":"L Levi","year":"2000"},{"key":"pone.0324579.ref010","author":"H Petersen","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0324579.ref011","unstructured":"Ghelli F. 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