{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T04:12:50Z","timestamp":1748059970236,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSERC-DDG-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSERC-DDG-2022-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT42335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT42335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alberta Parks and Recreation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing spread of wild pigs across Canada is concerning due to their potential role as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases, including trichinosis and toxoplasmosis. Trichinosis is caused by the parasitic nematode <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp. and can manifest clinically in humans. Likewise, the intracellular protozoan parasite <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is a significant global foodborne and waterborne parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis. Despite wild pigs being recognized globally as reservoirs for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp., the status of wild pigs in Alberta remains undetermined. Wild pig diaphragms were collected as part of provincial control efforts between 2018\u20132024 from four Alberta counties. Meat juice was analyzed for antibodies against <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> using commercial ELISA kits. We found that 27\/252 pigs were positive for antibodies against <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and 11\/293 positive for antibodies against <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp., corresponding with the respective true prevalence of 15.3% (95% CrI: 9.6\u201322.7%) and 3.8% (95% CrI: 1.8\u20136.5%) based on Bayesian analysis using reported test sensitivity and specificity. We found a difference in true prevalence of antibodies against <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp. between counties, and the prevalence of antibodies against <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher in solitary wild pigs, suggesting social context of the individual is an important determinant of infection risk. These findings suggest that Alberta wild pigs function as <jats:italic>Trichinella spp.<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> reservoirs, underscoring the need for a One Health approach for managing Alberta\u2019s invasive wild pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T17:42:56Z","timestamp":1748022176000},"page":"e0324617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social context influences Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. infection in Alberta free-roaming wild pigs (Sus scrofa)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kiera","family":"Middel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Strydhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunu","family":"Mainali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4119-3991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darcy R.","family":"Visscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0324617.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biu015","article-title":"Consequences Associated with the Recent Range Expansion of Nonnative Feral Swine","volume":"64","author":"SN Bevins","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"pone.0324617.ref002","first-page":"34","article-title":"Feral swine impacts on agriculture and the environment","volume":"19","author":"NW Seward","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sheep Goat Res J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0324617.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43729-y","article-title":"Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread","volume":"9","author":"RA 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