{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:12:57Z","timestamp":1768781577115,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35DE027557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35DE027557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE027091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE027091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital anomalies and are the result of incomplete fusion of embryonic craniofacial processes or palatal shelves, respectively. We know that genetics play a large role in these anomalies but the list of known causal genes is far from complete. As part of a larger sequencing effort of patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies, we identified a rare candidate variant in <jats:italic>transforming growth factor beta receptor 2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>TGFBR2<\/jats:italic>). This variant alters a highly conserved amino acid and is predicted to be pathogenic by a number of metrics. The family history and population genetics suggest that this specific variant would be incompletely penetrant, but this gene has been convincingly implicated in craniofacial development. In order to test the hypothesis this might be a causal variant, we used genome editing to create the orthologous variant in a new mouse model. Surprisingly, <jats:italic>Tgfbr2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V387M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mice did not exhibit craniofacial anomalies or have reduced survival, suggesting <jats:italic>Tgfbr2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V387M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> is not a causal variant for cleft palate\/ micrognathia. The discrepancy between in silico predictions and mouse phenotypes highlights the complexity of translating human genetic findings to mouse models. We expect these findings will aid in interpretation of future variants seen in <jats:italic>TGFBR2<\/jats:italic> from ongoing sequencing of patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T17:48:42Z","timestamp":1749491322000},"page":"e0324803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic analysis and functional assessment of a TGFBR2 variant in micrognathia and cleft palate"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"JES-Rite","family":"Michaels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul P. 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