{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:37:32Z","timestamp":1787765852809,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009576","name":"Nantong Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QNZ2023026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNZ2023026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The High-Level Scientific Research Project Cultivation Fund of Nantong First People's Hospital","award":["YPYJJYB24008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YPYJJYB24008"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009156","name":"Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSZ2024097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSZ2024097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009576","name":"Nantong Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MS2024033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS2024033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of pre-treatment with different concentrations of sufentanil in mitigating propofol injection-induced pain.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec022\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study included 421 patients who were scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy between June 2023 and December 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups with different concentrations sufentanil: 0 \u00b5g\/mL group(0.9% normal saline), 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL group, 1 \u00b5g\/mL group and 5 \u00b5g\/mL group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec023\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the four groups, the rates of pain relief were 82 (77.4%), 93 (89.4%), 96 (89.7%), and 91 (87.5%), respectively. Compared to the 0 \u00b5g\/mL group, the other groups demonstrated significantly reduced pain following propofol injection (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The recovery times were 14.59\u2009\u00b1\u20093.92\u2009min, 15.13\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009min, 14.27\u2009\u00b1\u20093.06\u2009min, and 15.57\u2009\u00b1\u20093.24\u2009min, respectively. Notably, the 1 \u00b5g\/mL group did not exhibit a prolonged recovery time compared to the 0 \u00b5g\/mL group. The total propofol consumption was recorded as 218.5\u2009\u00b1\u200936.8\u2009mg, 196.7\u2009\u00b1\u200931.0\u2009mg, 183.8\u2009\u00b1\u200925.0\u2009mg, and 189.6\u2009\u00b1\u200931.4\u2009mg, respectively, with the 1 \u00b5g\/mL group showing the lowest total propofol consumption among the groups. The incidences of adverse events (AEs) were 61.3%, 70.2%, 58.9%, and 76.9%, respectively. In comparison to the 1 \u00b5g\/mL group, the 5 \u00b5g\/mL group exhibited a higher incidence of AEs. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that a 5 \u00b5g\/mL dilution of sufentanil increases the risk of AEs (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec024\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The 1 \u00b5g\/mL group demonstrated greater safety and efficacy when combined with propofol.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec025\">\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). Link of the registry: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>. Date of registration: 2023\/06\/12. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2300072402.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T17:46:49Z","timestamp":1748540809000},"page":"e0325113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of pre-treatment with different diluted sufentanil in reducing propofol injection pain in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boxiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4930-0212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325113.ref001","first-page":"963","article-title":"Prevention of pain on injection with propofol: a quantitative systematic review","volume":"90","author":"P Picard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176648","article-title":"Morphine timing-dependent modulation of TRPV1 phosphorylation correlates with differential morphine effects on myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"975","author":"X-M Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0325113.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2004.01.005","article-title":"The effects of alfentanil or remifentanil pretreatment on propofol injection pain","volume":"16","author":"L Iyilikci","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325113.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.47886","article-title":"Effect of Esketamine Added to Propofol Sedation on Desaturation and Hypotension in Bidirectional Endoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"N Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325113.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.07.072","article-title":"Propofol sedation alone or in combination with pharyngeal lidocaine anesthesia for routine upper GI endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"74","author":"LT Heuss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1110","article-title":"Prevention of pain on injection of propofol: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"342","author":"L Jalota","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325113.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021505230673","article-title":"Rapid injection reduces pain on injection with propofol","volume":"22","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325113.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2010.58.3.239","article-title":"Clinical factors affecting the pain on injection of propofol","volume":"58","author":"H-J Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325113.ref009","first-page":"836","article-title":"Effectiveness of local cooling and lidocaine administration for prevention of pain upon injection of propofol","volume":"63","author":"N Terada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Masui"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325113.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00334-0","article-title":"Comparison of Analgesic Effects between Nalbuphine and Sufentanil in First-Trimester Surgical Abortion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"P Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325113.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.01.028","article-title":"National survey on sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy in 2758 Chinese hospitals","volume":"127","author":"S Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325113.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188901","article-title":"Comparison of nalbuphine and sufentanil for colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"C Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325113.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.172","article-title":"Compulsive-Like Sufentanil Vapor Self-Administration in Rats","volume":"43","author":"JCM Vendruscolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108147","article-title":"Protracted renal clearance of fentanyl in persons with opioid use disorder","volume":"214","author":"AS Huhn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325113.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2022.09.004","article-title":"Rapid Titration With Intravenous Oxycodone for Severe Cancer Pain and Oral Conversion Ratio","volume":"64","author":"S Mercadante","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00347","article-title":"Efficacy-Based Perspective to Overcome Reduced Opioid Analgesia of Advanced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats","volume":"10","author":"M Balogh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-45493-6_19","article-title":"The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Cardioprotection","volume":"35","author":"C Sirbu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Neurobiol"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117563","article-title":"Probing the relevance of the hippocampus for conflict-induced memory improvement","volume":"226","author":"M Ramm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325113.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113957","article-title":"Inflammation in Relation to Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Older Adults Living with Chronic Comorbidities: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006","volume":"13","author":"SD Karanth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730388","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.730388","article-title":"Clinical Investigation on the Impact of Cannabis Abuse on Thyroid Hormones and Associated Psychiatric Manifestations in the Male Population","volume":"12","author":"A Muzaffar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325113.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01601-z","article-title":"Effect of intravenous lidocaine on propofol consumption in elderly patients undergoing colonoscopy: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"M Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"9403","key":"pone.0325113.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies","volume":"363","author":"Consultation WHO Expert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0325113.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13101","article-title":"Peri-operative management of the obese surgical patient 2015: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia","volume":"70","author":"Members of the Working Party","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0325113.ref024","article-title":"Protease-activated receptor-2 in endosomes signals persistent pain of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"115","author":"NN Jimenez-Vargas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325113.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020165","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of HILIC Stationary Phases for Global Metabolomics of Human Plasma","volume":"12","author":"F Hosseinkhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00458","article-title":"Formulation and In vitro Interaction of Rhodamine-B Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles with Cardiac Myocytes","volume":"7","author":"A Jonderian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325113.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14009","article-title":"Evidence of hysteresis in propofol pharmacodynamics","volume":"73","author":"PO Sep\u00falveda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325113.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00314.2024","article-title":"Opioid-induced respiratory depression: clinical aspects and pathophysiology of the respiratory network effects","volume":"328","author":"BA Baldo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325113.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.02.007","article-title":"Patient safety during sedation by anesthesia professionals during routine upper endoscopy and colonoscopy: an analysis of 1.38 million procedures","volume":"85","author":"JJ Vargo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325113.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew393","article-title":"Safety of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy in a group of university-affiliated hospitals: a prospective cohort study","volume":"118","author":"K Leslie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325113.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617728001","article-title":"Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) of colorectal neoplasms with the Full Thickness Resection Device (FTRD): Clinical experience from two tertiary referral centers in Switzerland","volume":"6","author":"P Aepli","year":"2018","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325113.ref032","first-page":"505","article-title":"Chinese consensus opinion of sedation and anesthesia experts in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive endoscopy","volume":"34","author":"Z Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.09.012","article-title":"Evaluation, risk stratification and management of hypertensive patients in the perioperative period","volume":"69","author":"M Koutsaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325113.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004833","article-title":"Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","volume":"131","author":"TJ Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S356150","article-title":"Clinical Study on the Combination of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation and Lidocaine for Preventing Propofol Injection Pain","volume":"15","author":"D Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325113.ref036","article-title":"Efficacy of Intravenous Paracetamol in Combination with Lidocaine Pretreatment for Reducing Pain During Injection of Propofol","volume":"12","author":"M Hayat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0325113.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17562848211021783","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211021783","article-title":"Evaluation of the short-term efficacy of local analgesic (lidocaine) and opioid analgesic (sufentanil) on patients with centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"H Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T17:47:03Z","timestamp":1748540823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325113"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Benzon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]}}}