{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:57:37Z","timestamp":1778597857969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ec409\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ec409\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ec409\/1-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ec409\/1-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DO1247\/21-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1247\/21-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ec409\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ec409\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ec409\/1-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ec409\/1-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DO1247\/21-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1247\/21-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Messa di Voce (MdV) is a challenging task for singers, requiring an even modulation of sound pressure level (SPL) on a stable pitch. This study concentrates on the effects of fast or slow task-speed on voice stability parameters, and the associated laryngeal behavior. The focus is set on professionally trained singers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ten professionally trained, healthy singers (5 female, 5 male) were asked to perform MdV exercises, i.e., a gradual increase and decrease of SPL, on the vowel [i:] on a stable fundamental frequency (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2248\u2009247 Hz for females and <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2248\u2009124 Hz for males). First, each phase, i.e., increasing or decreasing SPL, should take 3\u2009s. Second, each phase should take 1\u2009s. The tasks were recorded by high-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV), electroglottography, and audio signals. The following parameters were calculated and compared to the sound pressure level (SPL) curve: Electroglottographic (EGG) and Glottal Area Waveform (GAW) Open Quotients (OQ<jats:sub>EGG<\/jats:sub>, OQ<jats:sub>GAW<\/jats:sub>), Closing Quotient (ClQ<jats:sub>GAW<\/jats:sub>) relative to start, Relative Average Perturbation (RAP<jats:sub>Audio\/EGG\/GAW<\/jats:sub>), and Sample Entropy (SE <jats:sub>EGG<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In most subjects, no correlation of vibrato and SPL course was detected. Instabilities with higher SE<jats:sub>EGG<\/jats:sub> occurred at the start\/end of the slow task, but not around the SPL apex. Generally, negative correlations of SPL to OQ<jats:sub>GAW<\/jats:sub>, ClQ<jats:sub>GAW<\/jats:sub> and RAP<jats:sub>Audio<\/jats:sub> were present. RAP<jats:sub>EGG<\/jats:sub> and RAP<jats:sub>GAW<\/jats:sub> were not significant. In five subjects the decreasing phase of the slow task was 1\u20132\u2009s longer. The majority of subjects ended the tasks softer than they had started.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>RAP values and SE suggest high laryngeal stability in professional singers. Vibrato did not play a role in the variation of SPL in the presented cohort. The data suggest that SPL variation is mainly controlled on vocal fold level rather than by vocal tract resonances.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T17:29:57Z","timestamp":1749576597000},"page":"e0325284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of Messa di Voce speed on vocal stability of professionally trained 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