{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:33:30Z","timestamp":1774935210662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRIS ID No. 2020-1428; No.6\/9(257)2020\/ECD-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRIS ID No. 2020-1428; No.6\/9(257)2020\/ECD-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lymphatic filariasis, a vector borne parasitic disease is a public health problem in the tropical region. Recurrent skin and soft tissue infections termed adenolymphangitis (ADL) is a major complication of filarial lymphedema. Understanding the changes in skin microbiome associated with this disease may provide novel insights on ADL attacks and lymphedema progression. This study investigates the changes in skin microbial flora in patients affected with filarial lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based metagenomic technique to profile the skin microbiome of patients with filarial lymphedema in comparison with healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were notable differences in the bacterial flora between patients and healthy controls. Actinobacteria were under-represented in the patient group. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> dominated both the groups, 63% in patients and 44% in controls. Samples from a few patients showed the presence of certain rare bacteria like <jats:italic>Eremococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Facklamia.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This pilot study applying advanced molecular tools provides insight on the changes in skin microflora associated with filarial lymphedema for the first time. Further studies are necessary for a better understanding of the role of the altered skin microbiome in frequent episodes of adenolymphangitis in patients with filarial lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T17:27:50Z","timestamp":1751477270000},"page":"e0325380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative analysis of skin microbiome of patients with filarial lymphedema and healthy 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