{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:29:29Z","timestamp":1788899369513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Balanced nutrition is crucial for healthcare workers\u2019 health and performance. Despite extensive knowledge of healthy eating, they face organizational and behavioral barriers leading to suboptimal diets. This study aimed to compare anthropometric status and dietary intake among male physicians, female physicians, and nurses in primary healthcare, and to identify deficiencies or excesses of key nutrients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six clinics in Karaganda (2023\u20132024), involving 202 participants (22 male physicians, 67 female physicians, and 113 nurses). Body composition (weight, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, metabolic age) was assessed via Tanita BC-418MA bioelectrical impedance. Dietary intake was measured using repeated 24-hour recalls for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Statistical analysis included nonparametric methods (Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Dunn\u2019s test) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results showed insufficient intake of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamins B\u2081, B\u2082, PP, and C. Sodium intake was excessive in all groups, whereas iron deficiency was observed only in women. Male physicians had higher body weight, muscle mass, and bone mass than female groups, but there were no significant differences in BMI, metabolic age, or overall dietary composition among the groups. Female physicians consumed slightly more vitamin C than nurses. In conclusion, gender and professional role minimally influenced dietary patterns among primary healthcare workers. Despite mostly normal BMI values, the pervasive lack of essential nutrients, coupled with high sodium and fat consumption, emphasizes the need for institutional measures such as structured schedules and healthier food options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T14:03:17Z","timestamp":1749045797000},"page":"e0325422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nutritional status of healthcare professionals in primary health and social care"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Plyassovskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7142-7656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xeniya","family":"Mkhitaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-8757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yelena","family":"Pozdnyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0325422.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03276-9","article-title":"Advancing nutrition science to meet evolving global health needs","volume":"62","author":"LM Neufeld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325422.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab032","article-title":"Healthy Aging-Nutrition Matters: Start Early and Screen Often","volume":"12","author":"SB Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325422.ref003","first-page":"95","article-title":"Importance of Nutrients and Nutrient Metabolism on Human Health","volume":"91","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325422.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020334","article-title":"Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for The Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease","volume":"12","author":"H Cena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325422.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122749","article-title":"Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review","volume":"15","author":"VJ Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325422.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060923","article-title":"The Assessment of the Nutritional Status among the Young-Old and Old-Old Population with Alimentary-Dependent Diseases","volume":"60","author":"G Zhanalina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref007","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325422.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.59598\/ME-2305-6045-2023-109-4-5-24","article-title":"Application of scales and questionnaires in clinical medicine","author":"OV Kazimirova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine and Ecology"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2024.100426","article-title":"Household food insecurity, dietary diversity with undernutrition among children younger than five years in Indian subcontinent\u2013a narrative review","volume":"26","author":"SS Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325422.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.05.012","article-title":"The Impact of Providing Material Benefits to Improve Access to Food on Clinical Parameters, Dietary Intake, and Household Food Insecurity in People with Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis","volume":"14","author":"K Jd Steer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0325422.ref011","first-page":"43","article-title":"Climatic features of Kazakhstan as a reason for the manifestation of desertification processes [Klimaticheskie osobennosti Kazakhstana kak prichina proiavleniia protsessov opustynivaniia]","author":"AM Karimsakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nauchno-Prakticheskie Issledovaniia"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325422.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.15421\/012329","article-title":"Diversity of early flowering plants of the Ulytau mountains (Central Kazakhstan)","volume":"31","author":"Y Pozdnyakova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosys divers"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref013","unstructured":"Aliev TM. Dynamics of the standard of living of the population in Kazakhstan (consumption of food products) [Dinamika urovnia zhizni naseleniia v Kazakhstane (potreblenie produktov pitaniia)]. Vestn Moskovskogo univ Ser 13 Vostokoved. 2012;(2):16\u201333. (Russian)"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref014","article-title":"Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan report at the Meeting of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana, December 12, 2022) [Doklad Ministra zdravookhraneniia RK A. Giniiat na zasedanii Pravitelstva RK (g. Astana, 12 dekabria 2022 goda)]","author":"A Giniyat","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679397","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.679397","article-title":"Prioritizing the Mental Health and Well-Being of Healthcare Workers: An Urgent Global Public Health Priority","volume":"9","author":"LE S\u00f8vold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.02.111","article-title":"Intake and adherence to energy and nutrient recommendations among women and men with binge-type eating disorders and healthy controls","volume":"48","author":"CA Wiklund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325422.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2018-0147","article-title":"The factors influencing the eating behaviour of shiftworkers: what, when, where and why","volume":"57","author":"CC Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325422.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0000000000000274","article-title":"Factors That Influence Health-Promoting Self-care in Registered Nurses: Barriers and Facilitators","volume":"42","author":"A Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"ANS Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469580231189601","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231189601","article-title":"Burnout, Fat Intake, and Body Mass Index in Health Professionals Working in a Public Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"60","author":"C Vasquez-Pur\u00ed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325422.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020216","article-title":"Healthiness of Food and Beverages for Sale at Two Public Hospitals in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"10","author":"C Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325422.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2022.01.008","article-title":"Nutritional Wellness for the Busy Health Care Provider: Small Everyday Wins","volume":"40","author":"AR Bielsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325422.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16219","article-title":"Supporting home-based meal preparation improves lunchtime habits and self-assessed work performance of interns at a tertiary hospital","volume":"53","author":"A Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0325422.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193367","article-title":"Unhealthy Eating Habits and Determinants of Diet Quality in Primary Healthcare Professionals in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"16","author":"M Znyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"37","key":"pone.0325422.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039544","article-title":"Mental distress and nutrition of family physicians, a European based cross-sectional study","volume":"103","author":"O Gokdemir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325422.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84059-y","article-title":"Dietary intake and risk assessment of nitrosamine in processed meat products among medical staff during their night shift","volume":"15","author":"DI Tayel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0325422.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204327","article-title":"Unhealthy Food Choices among Healthcare Shift Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"A Wolska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref027","article-title":"Eating Behaviours Among Healthcare Workers and Their Relationships With Work-Related Burnout","author":"J Utter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2023.101327","article-title":"Emergency nurse and physician perceptions of barriers and facilitators to optimal nutrition in the emergency department: A national cross-sectional survey","volume":"70","author":"Y Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref029","unstructured":"Akhmetova SV, Korshukov IV, Mkhitaryan KE. Program for calculation of the nutritional and biological value of the average daily diet [Programma dlia rasch\u00ebta pishchevoi i biologicheskoi tsennosti srednesutochnogo ratsiona]: Certificate for an object of copyright No1543. 2018 Sep 20. (Russian)"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325422.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90346-9","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids","volume":"102","author":"Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, Poos M; Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref031","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2006"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0325422.ref032","first-page":"145","article-title":"Physiological characteristics of nutrition among ambulance workers in Khanty-Mansiysk [Fiziologicheskie osobennosti pitaniia meditsinskikh rabotnikov skoroi pomoshchi g. Khanty-Mansiiska]","volume":"4","author":"TY Korchina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vestnik ugrovedeniia"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref033","first-page":"6","article-title":"Physiological and hygienic rationale for improving dietary nutrition among healthcare workers [Fiziologo-gigienicheskoe obosnovanie napravlenii sovershenstvovaniia dieticheskogo pitaniia meditsinskikh rabotnikov]","volume":"11","author":"TE Bragina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epomen: Meditsinskie Nauki"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref034","first-page":"254","article-title":"Assessment of the adequacy of nutrition of surgeons in the city of Bishkek [Otsenka adekvatnosti pitaniia vrachei khirurgov g. Bishkek].","author":"AS Tursunbekova","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref035","article-title":"Doctors\u2019 and nurses\u2019 eating practices during shift work: Findings from a qualitative study","volume":"83","author":"K Sum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref036","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hygienic assessment of the food basket of reproductive-age female obstetricians and gynecologists [Gigienicheskaia otsenka produktovogo nabora pitaniia zhenshchin-vrachei akusherov-ginekologov reproduktivnogo vozrasta].","author":"ES Lisok","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0325422.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.47470\/0016-9900-2024-103-7-718-723","article-title":"Formation of eating behaviour in doctors of various specialties","volume":"103","author":"NV Tapeshkina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hygiene and sanitation"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref038","first-page":"39","article-title":"Potassium and magnesium as main bioelement markers of psycho-emotional state in ambulance staff in the northern region [Kalii i magnii \u2014 glavnye bioelementnye markery psikhoemotsionalnogo sostoianiia u vyiezdnogo personala skoroi meditsinskoi pomoshchi Severnogo regiona]","volume":"3","author":"VI Korchin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dalnevostochnyi med zh"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref039","article-title":"Attitudes, work roles and barriers to nutrition care\u2014interviews with Australian and UK-based medical doctors.","volume":"36","author":"B Lepre","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref040","first-page":"245","article-title":"Peculiarities of adherence to rational nutrition among general practitioners in Almaty [Osobennosti priverzhennosti k ratsionalnomu pitaniiu vrachei obshchei praktiki goroda Almaty","volume":"4","author":"AS Toleuova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vestnik Kazakhskogo Natsionalnogo Meditsinskogo Universiteta"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-1-69","article-title":"Barriers to healthy eating by National Health Service (NHS) hospital doctors in the hospital setting: results of a cross-sectional survey","volume":"1","author":"J Winston","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325422.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_25_20","article-title":"Feeding behavior among health-care workers in a tertiary health institution Southeast Nigeria","volume":"20","author":"UU Nnadozie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325422.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.34014\/2227-1848-2024-3-68-77","article-title":"Physiological assessment of dietary intake of magnesium, potassium, vitamins C and B6 in healthcare workers of khanty-mansiysk [Fiziologicheskaia otsenka postupleniia s pishchei magniia, kaliia, vitaminov C i B6 u meditsinskikh rabotnikov g. Khanty-Mansiiska]","author":"MO Gaykov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal"},{"key":"pone.0325422.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226672","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1226672","article-title":"Association of eating habits with health perception and diseases among Chinese physicians: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325422.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-18","article-title":"Food for thought: an exploratory study of how physicians experience poor workplace nutrition","volume":"10","author":"JB Lemaire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0325422.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6477","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021003992","article-title":"Evaluation of the food environment of public hospitals in a Brazilian metropolis","volume":"24","author":"MER Jos\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T14:03:28Z","timestamp":1749045808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325422"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"You,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}