{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:45:21Z","timestamp":1770749121145,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec042\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition associated with hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, as well as behavioral modifications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec043\">\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research assesses the impact of the chemically profiled <jats:italic>Pluchea dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> ethanolic extract and metformin in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec044\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into five groups: Control, <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> (100\u2009mg\/kg), PCOS (letrozole, 1\u2009mg\/kg), PCOS\u2009+\u2009Metformin (300\u2009mg\/kg), and PCOS\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> (100\u2009mg\/kg), letrazole was given for 8 weeks followed by metformin or <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> for 21 days. Behavioral assessments, hormone analyses, and dopamine quantifications in the brain were performed. Ovarian histology and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec045\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Letrozole-induced PCOS resulted in heightened depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, along with significant hormonal imbalances compared to the control group (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05%). Both <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> and metformin therapies significantly ameliorated these changes, with <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> demonstrating better efficacy. <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> medication regulated luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and estrogen levels, concurrently enhancing cerebral dopamine levels. Histological analysis revealed less cystic follicles and a reinstated normal ovarian architecture in rats treated with <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> compared to PCOS group (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05%). Several flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds and hydroxy cinnamic acid esters were detected in <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> samples for the first time utilizing UPLC-ESI-MS analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec046\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The <jats:italic>P. dioscoridis<\/jats:italic> ethanolic extract exhibited potential medicinal properties that are equivalent to or surpass those of metformin for treating behavioral, hormonal, and ovarian structural abnormalities produced by PCOS. It significantly improved dopamine levels, hormonal balance, and ovarian histology, rendering it a suitable alternative or complementary treatment for PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T17:37:52Z","timestamp":1750959472000},"page":"e0325439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pluchea dioscoridis extract: A novel therapeutic approach for polycystic ovary syndrome targeting ovarian morphology, dopamine pathways, and neurobehavior in relation to its phytocomponents"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1547-1588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rasha","family":"Atta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar 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