{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:06:25Z","timestamp":1749528385462,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["297854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["297854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R\u00e9seau Intersectoriel en Sant\u00e9 de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015667","name":"R\u00e9seau Provincial de Recherche en Adaptation-R\u00e9adaptation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec012\">\n<jats:title>Purpose\/aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the impact of changing the rotational orientation of the vibrating motor on kinesthestic illusions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec013\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty healthy individuals received vibration over the wrist flexor muscles of dominant and non-dominant sides (80 Hz, 1\u2009mm, 10 seconds) using four conditions (3 trials\/conditions) defined by the rotational direction of the vibrator\u2019s eccentric rotating mass according to the anatomical position: (1) proximodistal, (2) distoproximal, (3) mediolateral and (4) lateromedial. Non-parametric statistical analyses were used to compare illusion characteristics across conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec014\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lateromedial rotation created illusions that were more often in unexpected directions compared to the other rotational orientations. Distoproximal rotation was more likely to evoke kinesthetic illusions of wrist extension (76.8%) compared to lateromedial rotation (57.7%; p\u2009=\u20090.009). The latter led more frequently to complex\/combined movement illusions (26.1%) especially with an ulnar deviation component (17.7%) compared to the other rotational directions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec015\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results from the present study demonstrated that the rotational orientation can influence illusory perceptions, but not to a great extent. Distoproximal rotation was more effective to elicit the expected illusions of wrist extension, compared to the lateromedial orientation that more often caused complex and variable perceptions of movement. Distoproximal rotation should thus be preferred if clear and reproducible perceptions are required and lateromedial might serve as a way of creating\u00a0illusions more akin to everyday functional movements. Although the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear, our work raises awareness on the importance of gaining a better understanding and control over methodological factors that could affect kinesthetic illusions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T17:37:49Z","timestamp":1749490669000},"page":"e0325737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kinesthetic illusions induced by muscle tendon vibration: The orientation of the vibration motor as a new methodological factor?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2399-6376","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lydiane","family":"Lauzier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Abboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Nougarou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4831-2380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louis-David","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0325737.ref001","first-page":"1075","article-title":"The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor function: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"JE Aman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325737.ref002","first-page":"571","article-title":"The sensory side of post-stroke motor rehabilitation","volume":"34","author":"N Bolognini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325737.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1503-200","article-title":"Sensory dysfunction following stroke: incidence, significance, examination, and intervention","volume":"15","author":"JE Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325737.ref004","first-page":"227","article-title":"Local application of vibration in motor rehabilitation - scientific and practical considerations","volume":"11","author":"D Poenaru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325737.ref005","first-page":"177","article-title":"Kinaesthetic role of muscle afferents in man, studied by tendon vibration and microneurography","volume":"47","author":"JP Roll","year":"1982","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325737.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.4.705","article-title":"The contribution of muscle afferents to kinaesthesia shown by vibration induced illusions of movement and by the effects of paralysing joint afferents","volume":"95","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325737.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2016.1204263","article-title":"Vibration-induced kinesthetic illusions and corticospinal excitability changes","volume":"49","author":"K Mancheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325737.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050631","article-title":"Antagonist motor responses correlate with kinesthetic illusions induced by tendon vibration","volume":"124","author":"S Calvin-Figui\u00e8re","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0325737.ref009","article-title":"Mechanical tendon vibration protocol to evaluate the integrity of proprioceptive integration in chronic stroke","volume":"95","author":"L-D Beaulieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.07.028","article-title":"Proprioceptive illusion induced by tendon vibration on the upper limb in stroke patients","volume":"58","author":"C Provost","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325737.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00404.2010","article-title":"Effects of wrist tendon vibration on arm tracking in people poststroke","volume":"106","author":"MO Conrad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610673","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2021.610673","article-title":"Proprioceptive augmentation with illusory kinaesthetic sensation in stroke patients improves movement quality in an active upper limb reach-and-point task","volume":"15","author":"F Ferrari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurorobot"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325737.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199911)22:11<1544::AID-MUS9>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Modulation of motor evoked potentials by muscle vibration: the role of vibration frequency","volume":"22","author":"S Siggelkow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325737.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-140879","article-title":"Characterizing the effects of amplitude, frequency and limb position on vibration induced movement illusions: Implications in sensory-motor rehabilitation","volume":"23","author":"JS Schofield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325737.ref015","first-page":"213","article-title":"Alteration of proprioceptive messages induced by tendon vibration in man: a microneurographic study","volume":"76","author":"JP Roll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325737.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310376757","article-title":"Long-term effects on cortical excitability and motor recovery induced by repeated muscle vibration in chronic stroke patients","volume":"25","author":"B Marconi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325737.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90084-3","article-title":"Force and displacement-controlled tendon vibration in humans","volume":"89","author":"P Cordo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325737.ref018","first-page":"815","article-title":"Illusion of arm movement evoked by tendon vibration in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"G Fusco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325737.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220.2020.1713739","article-title":"A new method to elicit and measure movement illusions in stroke by means of muscle tendon vibration: the Standardized Kinesthetic Illusion Procedure (SKIP)","volume":"37","author":"L-D Beaulieu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Somatosens Mot Res"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref020"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325737.ref021","first-page":"43","article-title":"Orbit analysis for imbalance fault detection in rotating machinery","volume":"13","author":"C Da Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref022","unstructured":"Jordan MA. What are shaft orbits anyway? 2003."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325737.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4121-8","article-title":"Illusory movements induced by tendon vibration in right- and left-handed people","volume":"233","author":"E Tidoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325737.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.6.790","article-title":"Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study","volume":"6","author":"FC Bull","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325737.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2013.783045","article-title":"Edinburgh Handedness Inventory - Short Form: a revised version based on confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"19","author":"JF Veale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625917","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.625917","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test and the Thumb Localizing Test in Patients With Stroke","volume":"11","author":"M Suda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325737.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_241_18","article-title":"Timed vibration sense and joint position sense testing in the diagnosis of distal sensory polyneuropathy","volume":"10","author":"AT Prabhakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325737.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61454-X","article-title":"Reliability and revision of the nottingham sensory assessment for stroke patients","volume":"84","author":"N Lincoln","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325737.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.38.6.560","article-title":"Vertical or horizontal visual analogue scales","volume":"38","author":"J Scott","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2015.10.013","article-title":"Body representations in the human brain revealed by kinesthetic illusions and their essential contributions to motor control and corporeal awareness","volume":"104","author":"E Naito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref031","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Daniels and Worthingham\u2019s muscle testing: technique of manual examination","author":"HJ Hislop","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref032","volume-title":"Atlas d\u2019anatomie humaine","author":"FH Netter","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325737.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020875","article-title":"Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system","volume":"487","author":"BB Edin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021733","article-title":"Movement illusions evoked by ensemble cutaneous input from the dorsum of the human hand","volume":"496","author":"DF Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0325737.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-4-7","article-title":"Quantifying kinematics of purposeful movements to real, imagined, or absent functional objects: implications for modelling trajectories for robot-assisted ADL tasks","volume":"4","author":"KJ Wisneski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325737.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.03.077","article-title":"Upper limb kinesthetic asymmetries: gender and handedness effects","volume":"516","author":"DE Adamo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325737.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx223","article-title":"Development of right-hemispheric dominance of inferior parietal lobule in proprioceptive illusion task","volume":"27","author":"E Naito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325737","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T17:37:59Z","timestamp":1749490679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325737"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rasool","family":"Abedanzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325737","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}}}