{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:54Z","timestamp":1787022174041,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec013\">\n                    <jats:title>Background context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To precisely evaluate the disability resulting from low back pain and the efficacy of interventions, it is essential to utilize a standardized instrument capable of measuring the patient\u2019s condition changes over time. One of the most frequently utilized self-administered standardized questionnaires is the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec014\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To culturally adapt the RMDQ into Albanian and assess its psychometric properties within an Albanian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec015\">\n                    <jats:title>Study design: Observational<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient sample: The total sample consisted of 200 individuals diagnosed with various conditions including persistent low back pain, coxofemoral luxation, back trauma, lumbar fracture, and arthritis. Outcome measures: The RMQ consists of 24 individual items each presented as a single sentence. The maximum achievable score is 24, while the minimum is 0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec016\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research procedure involved two phases: initially, the translation and cultural adaptation, and subsequently, the assessment of quality within a clinical investigation. Test-retest reliability at 7 days was evaluated in 200 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kappa statistics showed that Alb-RMDQ had acceptable item-by-item agreement for 11 items (k\u2009=\u20090.603\u20130.755) and the remaining 13 were moderate agreement (k\u2009=\u20090.464\u20130.595). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of Albanian version was used to determine this dimensionality. An initial EFA analysis with a principal component analysis using Varimax with Kaiser Normalization rotation method resulted in a 10-factor structure with a KMO\u2009=\u20090.465 and a Chi-square\u2009=\u2009461.791, p\u2009=\u20090.000. The Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) between the first and the second evaluation for each item performed with two mixed effect model was between 0.621\u20130.938 using an absolute agreement definition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AlbRMDQ version of RMDQ has a good validity and reliability and may be an important outcome tool for the clinical and research purpose for the Albanian speaking population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T17:48:21Z","timestamp":1753724901000},"page":"e0325777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the inaugural Albanian Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire in Albanian population with low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Orges","family":"Lena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enkeleda","family":"Gjini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-1276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jasemin","family":"Todri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0325777.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.10.1364","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Korean version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire","volume":"26","author":"J Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0325777.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000452","article-title":"Absenteeism due to Functional Limitations Caused by Seven Common Chronic Diseases in US Workers","volume":"57","author":"TD Vuong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325777.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003867","article-title":"Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Hausa Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire in Mixed Rural and Urban Nigerian Populations with Low Back Pain","volume":"46","author":"S Raheem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10053","key":"pone.0325777.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10137","key":"pone.0325777.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0325777.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00006","article-title":"The Roland-Morris disability questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire","volume":"25","author":"M Roland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325777.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00004","article-title":"A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain","volume":"8","author":"M Roland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0325777.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150420","article-title":"Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index: Which Has Better Measurement Properties for Measuring Physical Functioning in Nonspecific Low Back Pain? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"96","author":"A Chiarotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325777.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004472","article-title":"Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Hindi Version of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire for Chronic Low Back Pain in Indian Population","volume":"48","author":"A Mohan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"pone.0325777.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809150-00018","article-title":"Outcome measures for low back pain research. 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A proposal for standardized use","volume":"23","author":"RA Deyo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325777.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000201293.57439.47","article-title":"Minimal clinically important change for pain intensity, functional status, and general health status in patients with nonspecific low back pain","volume":"31","author":"N van der Roer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0325777.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509000-00021","article-title":"Functional disability scales for back pain","volume":"20","author":"JA Kopec","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325777.ref024","first-page":"2640","article-title":"The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire: One or more dimensions?","volume":"25","author":"E Misterska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0325777.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"25","author":"JC Fairbank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0325777.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001899","article-title":"Cross-cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Yoruba Version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire","volume":"42","author":"CE Mbada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0325777.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5638","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1939798","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Amharic version of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in people with low back pain in Ethiopia","volume":"44","author":"MB Chala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0325777.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000632","article-title":"Cross-cultural translation, adaptation, and psychometric testing of the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire into modern standard Arabic","volume":"39","author":"D Maki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325777.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1788-4","article-title":"Validation of the Korean version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire","volume":"20","author":"JS Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325777.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1608-2","article-title":"Responsiveness of the 24-, 18- and 11-item versions of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire","volume":"20","author":"LG Macedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"pone.0325777.ref031","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Albanian version of the Oswestry Disability Index: translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability","author":"J Todri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0350327","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T21:20:46Z","timestamp":1776460846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325777"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gurkan","family":"Gunaydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325777","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]}}}