{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:24Z","timestamp":1782777624082,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23LCYJ014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23LCYJ014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early detection of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) in children remains challenging in clinical settings. This study aims to describe the autoantibodies, organ disorders, the SLEDAI-2K score, and complement levels at the time of diagnosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as investigate the predictors of NPSLE. We reviewed medical records of hospitalized children with SLE (&lt; 18 years old) and extracted information on clinical features, serum autoantibodies, and laboratory test results. Multivariable logistic regression was used to establish the predictors of NPSLE and SLE without neuropsychiatric manifestations. Results revealed that 22.8% of children with NPSLE had higher ANA levels and SLEDAI-2K scores, lower C4 levels, and greater AMA-M2, \u03b22GPI Abs, Anti-Rib-P Ab, ANCA, and LAC positivity at SLE diagnosis. The predictors of NPSLE were \u03b22GPI-Abs (OR = 4.603), anti-Rib-P Ab (OR = 4.153), and SLEDAI-2K score (OR = 1.215). In summary, the findings show that the SLEDAI-2K score, \u03b22GPI-Abs, and anti-Rib-P Ab are predictors of NPSLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T17:43:02Z","timestamp":1749577382000},"page":"e0325915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors of neuropsychiatric manifestations in pediatric patients with lupus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1456-0872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazhen","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.03.007","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents","volume":"59","author":"DM Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0269-8","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric lupus: a mosaic of clinical presentations","volume":"13","author":"S Kivity","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911796557984","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"A Popescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"CN"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325915.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20150611-11","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children","volume":"44","author":"A Soybilgic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325915.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh384","article-title":"Predictors of neuropsychiatric damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the Maryland lupus cohort","volume":"43","author":"J Mikdashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325915.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310374338","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric lupus: clinical challenges, brain-reactive autoantibodies and treatment strategies","volume":"19","author":"KY Fong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40591","article-title":"Review: Nervous System Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Status and Future Directions","volume":"71","author":"JG Hanly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325915.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","article-title":"Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"MC Hochberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes","volume":"42","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325915.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307079044","article-title":"Proposed response criteria for neurocognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Ad Hoc Committee on Lupus Response Criteria: Cognition Sub-committee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325915.ref011","first-page":"5691","article-title":"Factors influencing the anxiety and depression of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"S Guan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325915.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325915.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.013","article-title":"COMPASS 31: a refined and abbreviated Composite Autonomic Symptom Score","volume":"87","author":"DM Sletten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref014","volume-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders","author":"World Health Organization WHO","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref015","first-page":"288","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"DD Gladman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08865-2","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?","volume":"63","author":"E Manca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325915.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7406-8","article-title":"Autoantibodies involved in neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review","volume":"261","author":"S Sciascia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.10.003","article-title":"A meta-analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"RC Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325915.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex073","article-title":"Protein array autoantibody profiles to determine diagnostic markers for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"56","author":"PM van der Meulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S387650","article-title":"Anti-ribosomal-P antibody association with neuropsychiatric lupus in Sudanese patients attending rheumatology clinic in Omdurman Military Hospital","volume":"14","author":"ZI Taha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325915.ref021","article-title":"Autoantibody profiling on human proteome microarray for biomarker discovery in cerebrospinal fluid and sera of neuropsychiatric lupus","volume":"10","author":"C Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15225","article-title":"Prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"60","author":"K Pelka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325915.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu456rr","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"D Sen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.46497\/ArchRheumatol.2021.8701","article-title":"Clinical and serological characteristics of systemic sclerosis: Experience of a tertiary care center in Pakistan","volume":"36","author":"S Asif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac508","article-title":"Anti-PM-Scl antibodies\u2013positive patients encompass three different groups with distinct prognoses","volume":"62","author":"P Breillat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0325915.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.148","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"H Jeltsch-David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.496","article-title":"The prevalence of neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"57","author":"H Ainiala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.64633","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: Iranian experience","volume":"13","author":"A Borhani Haghighi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.001","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"A Unterman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325915.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8.1214","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric syndromes in lupus: prevalence using standardized definitions","volume":"58","author":"RL Brey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref031","first-page":"989218","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric features of a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2012","author":"MF Moraes-Fontes","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325915.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.11.1308","article-title":"Outcome of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus within a defined Swedish population: increased morbidity but low mortality","volume":"41","author":"A J\u00f6nsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314520843","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: association with global disease activity","volume":"23","author":"E Morrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325915.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22881","article-title":"Features of 847 Childhood\u2010Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Three Age Groups at Diagnosis: A Brazilian Multicenter Study","volume":"68","author":"RC Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320972778","article-title":"A comparative study between the disease characteristics in adult-onset and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients attending a large university hospital","volume":"30","author":"K El-Garf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref036","first-page":"5260208","article-title":"The Discrepancy of ANA and Compartment Bead Patterns Suggestive of a Neuropsychiatry Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE)","volume":"2023","author":"M Fitriah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05285-8","article-title":"The correlation of anxiety and depression with C3 and C4 Levels and systemic lupus erythematosus activity","volume":"23","author":"H Shatri","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01026","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Target Mitochondrial RNA","volume":"10","author":"Y Becker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2020.12.004","article-title":"Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus indicates more severe condition","volume":"89","author":"Y Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01574-3","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of ANCA positivity in lupus nephritis: a case series of 116 patients and literature review","volume":"36","author":"R Lacetera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0325915.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11070928","article-title":"Clinical and Immunological Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"H Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.12.004","article-title":"Anti-RO\/SSA and anti-La\/SSB antibodies: Association with mild lupus manifestations in 645 childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"GV Novak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2016.1208136","article-title":"Anti-Ro\/SSA antibodies are associated with severe mitral valve regurgitation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"V Higuera-Ortiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325915.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316629557","article-title":"Serological profile and clinical features of nucleolar antinuclear pattern in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from southwestern Spain","volume":"25","author":"CM Cabrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740500339961","article-title":"Dysphagia associated with anti-PM-Scl antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"35","author":"R Borrows","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325915.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.966692","article-title":"The clinical utility of anti-ribosomal P autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"SG Pasoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325915.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0921-1","article-title":"Association of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies with neuropsychiatric and other manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"AM Abdel-Nasser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.12.002","article-title":"Neurolupus is associated with anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies: an inception cohort study","volume":"32","author":"C Briani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325915.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2150rr","article-title":"Anti-ribosomal P-protein and its role in psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: myth or reality?","volume":"14","author":"T Eber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.07.014","article-title":"The role of measurement of serum autoantibodies in prediction of pediatric neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"227","author":"GA Mostafa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23218","article-title":"Autoantibodies and neuropsychiatric events at the time of systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis: results from an international inception cohort study","volume":"58","author":"JG Hanly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0325915.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-009-0198-5","article-title":"Pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and potential biomarkers","volume":"19","author":"P Efthimiou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3114-z","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations and associated autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from Western India","volume":"35","author":"V Pradhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325915.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200011000-00017","article-title":"Logistic regression: a nontechnical review","volume":"79","author":"GV Ostir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0325915.ref055","first-page":"16319","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations and their attribution to systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective single-center study in a Polish population","volume":"132","author":"K Pawlak-Bu\u015b","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231153791","article-title":"Relationship between the EULAR\/ACR classification criteria and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"32","author":"CC Mok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325915.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.07.004","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: magnetic resonance imaging findings and correlation with clinical and immunological features","volume":"12","author":"P Toledano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149640.78684.EA","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"EY McLaurin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0325915.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23098","article-title":"General and specific factors associated with severity of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"57","author":"P Tomietto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0325915.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000165959.98370.D5","article-title":"Factors at diagnosis predict subsequent occurrence of seizures in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"J Mikdashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1565-4","article-title":"Factors and comorbidities associated with central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cross-sectional case-control study from a single center","volume":"32","author":"M Padovan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323209","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1323209","article-title":"Predictive factors of psychiatric syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"W Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.10.003","article-title":"A meta-analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"RC Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320908940","article-title":"Immunological biomarkers in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center in South India","volume":"29","author":"G Seth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119911","article-title":"Intractable headaches, ischemic stroke, and seizures are linked to the presence of anti-\u03b22GPI antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"T Hawro","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.61.2.06","article-title":"Brain changes in depression","volume":"61","author":"SC Trifu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0325915.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.07.010","article-title":"The association between mood and anxiety disorders with vascular diseases and risk factors in a nationally representative sample","volume":"70","author":"JG Fiedorowicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0325915.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.20","article-title":"The vascular depression hypothesis: mechanisms linking vascular disease with depression","volume":"18","author":"WD Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0325915.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.040","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder: A systematic review","volume":"241","author":"S Toma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.4.438","article-title":"Altered Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with Mood and Sleep in Shift Workers: Cerebral Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","volume":"15","author":"YK Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.1.77-83.2006","article-title":"International multicenter evaluation of autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins","volume":"13","author":"M Mahler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0325915.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314560003","article-title":"The association of serum anti-ribosomal P antibody with clinical and serological disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Z-R Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0325915.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.10.1114","article-title":"Identification of candidate endothelial cell autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus using a molecular cloning strategy: a role for ribosomal P protein P0 as an endothelial cell autoantigen","volume":"39","author":"G Frampton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0325915.ref074","first-page":"593","article-title":"Ribosomal P protein P0 as a candidate for the target antigen of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease","volume":"25","author":"T Naniwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0325915.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102463","article-title":"A review and meta-analysis of anti-ribosomal P autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"19","author":"MY Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1716-9","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of microglia against impairments of auditory steady-state response induced by anti-P IgG from SLE patients in na\u00efve mice","volume":"17","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0325915.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38900","article-title":"Anti\u2013Ribosomal P Protein Autoantibodies From Patients With Neuropsychiatric Lupus Impair Memory in Mice","volume":"67","author":"M Bravo\u2010Zehnder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T17:43:17Z","timestamp":1749577397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325915"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nadinne Alexandra","family":"Roman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0325915","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]}}}