{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:56:37Z","timestamp":1777946197270,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["ZR2022LZY011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LZY011"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["GZY-KJS-SD-2023-046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZY-KJS-SD-2023-046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common atherosclerotic condition that leads to limb dysfunction and increases mortality risk. Malnutrition is closely related to the long-term mortality of PAD patients. Therefore, studying the relationship between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and long-term mortality in patients with PAD is crucial for identifying high-risk populations and developing targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999\u20132004, including 532 PAD patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression models assessed the relationship between GNRI and all-cause mortality in PAD patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore differences based on demographic and disease backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During the follow-up period, a total of 415 all-cause deaths were recorded. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed significant differences in mortality rates between the different GNRI quartile groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between GNRI and the long-term mortality risk of PAD patients (HR: 0.950, 95%CI: 0.918, 0.983). Compared to the first GNRI quartile, PAD patients in the third (HR: 0.569, 95%CI: 0.357, 0.909) and fourth (HR: 0.396, 95%CI: 0.208, 0.751) quartiles had a significantly reduced risk of long-term mortality. Restrictive cubic spline analysis showed a significant linear negative correlation between GNRI and all-cause mortality in PAD patients. The subgroup analysis results showed that the negative correlation between GNRI and all-cause mortality in PAD patients was significant in all subgroups except for the female subgroup, subgroup with ABI\u2009&gt;\u20090.7, subgroup without smoking history, and subgroup without hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is a significant negative association between GNRI and all-cause mortality in PAD patients, suggesting that malnutrition may be a key factor affecting the prognosis of PAD patients. Early identification and intervention for malnutrition could reduce long-term mortality risks. Future research should further explore the role of nutritional interventions in the management of PAD and validate the findings of this study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T17:32:32Z","timestamp":1751045552000},"page":"e0325938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relationship between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and all-cause mortality in patients with peripheral artery 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