{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:54:14Z","timestamp":1789037654598,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation. Placental inflammation in gestation diabetes mellitus has not been extensively investigated yet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aims of this study were to analyze: a) serum levels of Th-1 cytokines and D6-specific chemokines in women with gestation diabetes mellitus, compared to normal pregnant women; b) placental expression of the inflammasome NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP-3) and the chemokines scavenger decoy D6 receptor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum samples collected between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy from singleton pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational age-matched normal pregnant women were analyzed by bead-based multiplex assays for chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3), C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) levels. Placental samples from GDM and controls were analysed by immunohistochemistry and multiplex spatial immunofluorescence for protein expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP-3), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2) and chemokines scavenger decoy D6 receptor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDM women (n\u2009=\u200925) showed higher serum levels of CCL-2 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), CCL-4 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and IFN-\u03b3 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to controls (n\u2009=\u200925). Placental expression of NLRP-3 was significantly higher in GDM women (n\u2009=\u200910) compared to controls (n\u2009=\u20097; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) while only a trend of increase of IL-1\u03b2 and D6 expression was observed in GDM compared to normal placentas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDM is characterized by higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with consistent over-expression of the inflammasome NLRP-3 in placental tissues compared to normal pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T13:36:58Z","timestamp":1750167418000},"page":"e0326087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Placental inflammation is increased in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of inflammasome NLRP-3 and chemokine scavenger decoy receptor 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