{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T14:45:11Z","timestamp":1754145911475,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The olive baboon (<jats:italic>Papio anubis<\/jats:italic>) belongs to the family Cercopithecoidea and lives in different environmental conditions as well as they are also kept in zoological gardens as a source of public entertainment. Poor growth and health disorders are commonly reported issues in olive baboons in captivity mainly because of gastrointestinal infections and endo-parasites. The present study was conducted on 15 dewormed olive baboons kept in Lahore Zoo, Lahore, Pakistan, and diagnosed with <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> (roundworm). Infected olive baboons were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e., A, B, and C. Group A and B were treated with mebendazole (20\u2009mg\/ kg, PO) and levamisole (10\u2009mg\/kg, PO), respectively. Group C was designated as a non-treated control group. Direct smear technique and simple fecal floatation technique were performed to diagnose positive samples. Pre- and post-treatment fecal screening was performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The effect of both anthelmintics on EPG values was calculated by pre- and post-treatment fecal screening. Egg per gram (EPG) was determined by using the McMaster technique. EPG values were used to determine the fecal egg count reduction (FECR). Statistically, there was a significant decrease in EPG values from days 0\u201314. On day 28 EPG values were significantly lower than day 0. There was a significant statistical difference between the treated and control groups P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, but there was no statistically significant difference between the mebendazole group and levamisole-treated groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Based on the numerical difference of mean EPG values and comparison between mebendazole and levamisole group; mebendazole was less effective than levamisole in olive baboons against <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> species. Repeated treatment was suggested for complete clearance of worm infestation in both treated groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T17:23:43Z","timestamp":1752773023000},"page":"e0326416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole and levamisole in Olive Baboon (Papio anubis) infected with Trichuris trichiura"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sohail","family":"Afzal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6091-7708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Uzma Farid","family":"Durrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim Khalid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raheela","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Mateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-3572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amira S. 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