{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:15:30Z","timestamp":1780053330515,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coffee is one of the drinks that are consumed worldwide. The global coffee beans industry is currently facing several challenges, including The COVID19 pandemic\u2019s long-term effects on their supply chains (SCs), adverse weather conditions affecting major coffee-producing regions, escalating price dynamics, and the increased in transportation costs. Jordan significantly relies on coffee imports, a critical agricultural product that constitutes an important part of local trade. Due to the lack of previous studies, the research aims to evaluate the current SC and improve Jordan\u2019s coffee SC performance by reducing lead time and shipping cost. The research first uses the combined Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and The Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to rank the supplier and choose the best suppliers based on established criteria. Then, the research proposes an analysis with the goal of enhancing the efficiency of Jordan\u2019s coffee SC by applying Discrete Event Simulation (DES). Real company data is utilized to study, apply and evaluate the methodology used. The decision-making process employ decision makers and expert opinion input, providing a comprehensive and balanced evaluation of suppliers. Different scenarios are evaluated and compared based on the integrations of the FMCDM results in the simulation model. The findings identify the best and least favorable suppliers, highlighting Ethiopia\u2019s leadership in several indicators. The outcomes suggest reducing lead time and shipping costs, investing in technology, and establishing a culture of continuous improvement to improve efficiency, stability, and adapt to market conditions. The research provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the coffee SC and suggests opportunities for development. Finally, recommendations to improve the current coffee SC in Jordan and directions for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T18:04:42Z","timestamp":1750269882000},"page":"e0326581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improving the performance of the coffee supply chain using integrating fuzzy MCDM and simulation methods"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-4127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ghazi M.","family":"Magableh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-0325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah F.","family":"Al-Dwairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3614-6267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alhamouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326581.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLM-02-2014-0035","article-title":"Smart supply chain management: a review and implications for future research","volume":"27","author":"L Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"The International Journal of Logistics Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326581.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1108\/BIJ-04-2020-0156","article-title":"Supply chain management 4.0: a literature review and research framework","volume":"28","author":"K Zekhnini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Benchmarking: An International Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0326581.ref003","first-page":"489","article-title":"The impact of information technology application on supply chain performance","volume":"3","author":"S Gilaninia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326581.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.02.014","article-title":"Application of planning models in the agri-food supply chain: A review","volume":"196","author":"O Ahumada","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref005","author":"Trademap"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref006","author":"Rainforest Alliance"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref007","first-page":"17","article-title":"Introduction to discrete-event simulation.","author":"J Banks","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326581.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.31181\/dma1120237","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Methods: Advancements, Applications, and Future Directions","volume":"1","author":"SK Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decis Mak Adv"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6513.20200013","article-title":"A fuzzy AHP approach to select suppliers in the Brazilian food supply chain","volume":"30","author":"MO Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326581.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12020211","article-title":"A Hybrid Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Supplier Evaluation and Selection in the Food Processing Industry","volume":"12","author":"C-N Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch036","article-title":"Supplier selection in food industry using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method","volume-title":"Handbook of Research on Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization","author":"Y Ersoy","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CyMaEn50288.2021.9497309","article-title":"Supply chain performance measurement using SCOR model: A case study of the coffee supply chain in Vietnam.","volume-title":"2021 1st International Conference on Cyber Management and Engineering (CyMaEn)","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326581.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joitmc.2023.100008","article-title":"Blockchain traceability model in the coffee industry","volume":"9","author":"A Alamsyah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity"},{"key":"pone.0326581.ref014","unstructured":"Ali AA, Rao CK, Ravi J. 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