{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:02:39Z","timestamp":1752278559303,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ThermoFisher, Freiburg, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background\/Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Very few studies on celiac disease (CD) incidence across all age groups have been carried out so far, particularly in Spain. We evaluate the time trend incidence of CD of children, adults and elderly.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective study. Using an integrative primary and tertiary care setting approach with a standardized algorithm we identify all new cases of CD from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019, in a well-defined area of Galicia county, Spain. The crude incidence rate of CD was calculated as new cases per 100.000 person\/year. Incidence rates were stablished by age categories 0\u20134, 5\u201319, 20\u201344, 45\u201364, 65\u201384,\u2009\u2265\u200985 and periods of 1-year intervals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between 2012 and 2019, 19,564 patients with suspicion and risk of CD were tested. 294 new cases of CD were diagnosed. Increasing CD incidence was observed from 13.11 per 100.000 person\/year in 2012 to 20.92 per 100.000 100.000 person\/year in 2019 (95% CI\u2009=\u20096.8\u201315.5). The temporal trend in incidence rates diverges between different age groups; showing a high incidence with stable pattern in children and young people whereas exhibiting an increasing incidence in adult\/elderly, so that the incidence almost triple from 2012 to 2019. Classic CD symptoms decreasing frequency among incident cases was observed over time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A standardized algorithm for CD diagnosis with first-line serology testing followed by biopsy, if needed according to guidelines, confirmed the CD increasing incidence over 8 years period.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T17:48:27Z","timestamp":1752256107000},"page":"e0326634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time trends incidence of celiac disease in a Spanish population"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Julia Mar\u00eda","family":"Cabo del Riego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Blanco Hortas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"\u00c1lvarez Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Corchero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6169-8356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Nov\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Paz Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Garc\u00eda-Plata Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Abel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Zaera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Freire-Garabal N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326634.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"S Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326634.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000523","article-title":"Incidence of Celiac Disease Is Increasing Over Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"JA King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326634.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16337","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease across Europe","volume":"54","author":"SE Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326634.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12373","article-title":"Systematic review: worldwide variation in the frequency of coeliac disease and changes over time","volume":"38","author":"JY Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"pone.0326634.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1053\/jcgh.2003.50004","article-title":"Trends in the identification and clinical features of celiac disease in a North American community, 1950\u20132001","volume":"1","author":"JA Murray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0326634.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.60","article-title":"Increasing incidence of celiac disease in a North American population","volume":"108","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326634.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01737-1","article-title":"Is mass screening for coeliac disease a wise use of resources? 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