{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:36:03Z","timestamp":1791459363295,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["185871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["185871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-00104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-00104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An estimated 15\u201322% of Canadian kindergarten-age children have a special health need (SHN), defined as a clinical diagnosis, a functional need requiring special accommodation at school, or a health condition leading to increased needs. Children with SHN may be more likely to experience mental health disorders than their peers without SHN, placing them at risk for further health and academic challenges. Our objective was to determine the odds of children with SHN identified in kindergarten being diagnosed with a mental health disorder by age 16.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study using population-based,\u00a0linked administrative data, we identified children with SHN born 1995\u20132020 in Manitoba, Canada,\u00a0and enrolled in kindergarten from 2006\u20132011. The SHN designation is derived from the Early Development Instrument. We measured prevalence of common childhood mental health disorders (ADHD, mood\/anxiety disorders, conduct disorders) in children with SHN to age 16. Using binary logistic regressions, we calculated crude odds ratios (OR) for children with vs. without SHN being diagnosed with a mental health disorder, then adjusted for age, sex, and neighbourhood-level income.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 42,766 children, 13.8% had a SHN designation in kindergarten. Among these, 41.0% were diagnosed with a mental health disorder by age 16. The odds of a mental health diagnosis by SHN category were: special needs designation in kindergarten (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.53\u20132.01); learning impairment (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.39\u20131.86); behavioural impairment (OR 3.27, 95%CI 2.87\u20133.72); and emotional impairment (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.75\u20132.32). Children with SHN (vs. none) had higher odds of a mental health disorder\u00a0if they had 1\u2009+\u2009impairment (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.50\u20131.85). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics did not change the estimates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study highlights important kindergarten predictors of future mental health disorders in children, which should be used to inform preventive and supportive strategies for children with SHN and help generate wider mental health supports in schools.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T18:21:32Z","timestamp":1750875692000},"page":"e0326672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mental health disorders among children with special health needs: A population-based cohort study using linked administrative data from Manitoba, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7805-7582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Enns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Reid-Westoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles R.","family":"Detillieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-4404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marni","family":"Brownell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan C.","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gadermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Guttmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-501X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Teresa","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Duku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Forer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Gagn\u00e9 Petteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katholiki","family":"Georgiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Guhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Hanlon-Dearman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda T.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Janus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0326672.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023688","article-title":"Establishing a protocol for building a pan-Canadian population-based monitoring system for early childhood development for children with health disorders: Canadian Children\u2019s Health in Context Study (CCHICS)","volume":"8","author":"M Janus","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0326672.ref002","author":"K Shikako-Thomas","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0326672.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2007.08.001","article-title":"Unmet mental health need and access to services for children with special health care needs and their families","volume":"7","author":"M Inkelas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambul Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0326672.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021911","article-title":"Interventions for mental health problems in children and adults with severe intellectual disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"L Vereenooghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0326672.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1996.768768.x","article-title":"Population prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: II. 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