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Therefore, employing a proteomic approach is crucial for elucidating the protein expressions profile in mosquitoes, allowing the tracking of biochemical changes during parasite development and survival within the mosquito. To infer the protein response of mosquitoes to filarial infections, <jats:italic>Aedes togoi<\/jats:italic> was inoculated with canine filarial parasites, <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brugia pahangi<\/jats:italic>, and maintained for 14 days prior before dissection to collect their cuticular tissue proteins for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) analysis. Actin and prophenoloxidase, recognized as defence proteins, exhibited upregulation in groups inoculated with <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic>. Most proteins in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle were upregulated in both groups, except for dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, vital for pyruvate decarboxylation, which was downregulated, while glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, essential for glycogen production, was expressed despite its absence in the control. Additionally, a pathway related to tyrosine metabolism, involving aspartate aminotransferase, AAEL010442-PA, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, was expressed. This study has addressed gaps in understanding the protein response of mosquitoes infected with filarial parasites, shedding light on host defence mechanisms and potential metabolic adaptations, thereby enhancing our comprehension of filariasis infection mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T17:39:03Z","timestamp":1752082743000},"page":"e0326693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic analysis unveils host-parasite interactions in Aedes togoi infected with Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2535-8821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei Yin","family":"Vinnie-Siow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-5339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Van Lun","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwa Chia","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne Ai-Lian","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiong Kai","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326693.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(00)00141-7","article-title":"Innate immune response of Aedes aegypti","volume":"31","author":"C Lowenberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0326693.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-091649-1.50016-5","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular basis of mosquito susceptibility to Plasmodium and filarial nematodes.","volume-title":"Parasites and Pathogens of Insects","author":"BM Christensen","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326693.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.08.012","article-title":"Actin protein up-regulated upon infection and development of the filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), in the vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"118","author":"B Agiesh-Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0326693.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512398","article-title":"Protein Profiling of aedes aegypti treated with Streptomyces sp. 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