{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:38:49Z","timestamp":1792791529130,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coastal areas of Bangladesh are recognized as a major South Asian center for cyclone landfall. This research develops a comprehensive tropical cyclone mapping strategy utilizing the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and geospatial techniques to analyze the vulnerability distribution in the central coastal regions of Bangladesh. Eighteen spatial features, categorized into physical, social, and mitigation capacity criteria, were assessed to evaluate vulnerability. The output indicates that the southern peripheral districts- Bhola, Borgona, and Patuakhali are more vulnerable to tropical cyclones due to factors such as historical cyclone tracks, proximity to the coastline, low elevation, gentle slopes, high population density (including vulnerable groups such as females, the disabled, and agricultural workers), poor socioeconomic status, and land covers (crops and vegetations) prone to damage. Mitigation measures in these areas, including cyclone warnings, embankments, and access to shelters and road networks, are found to be inadequate. Validation through ROC and AUC confirms the accuracy of vulnerability maps. These findings offer critical insights for policymakers, local NGOs, and local administrators to enhance cyclone preparedness and develop targeted mitigation strategies to reduce vulnerability in coastal Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1752081797000},"page":"e0326965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cyclone vulnerability assessment of the central coast of Bangladesh: A comprehensive study utilizing FAHP and geospatial techniques"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8637-5388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Abdullah","family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmudul Hasan","family":"Rakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4007-145X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shacin Chandra","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Emdadul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1946-8340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Sabbir","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcrr.2020.01.004","article-title":"Tropical cyclones and climate change","volume":"8","author":"KJE Walsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Cyclone Res Rev"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2018.07.004","article-title":"Assessing tropical cyclone risks using geospatial techniques","volume":"98","author":"MA-A Hoque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Geo"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0326965.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7621","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0188.1","article-title":"Extremely intense hurricanes: revisiting Webster et al. (2005) after 10 years","volume":"28","author":"PJ Klotzbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Climate"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0326965.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1965)093<0461:HITATD>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Hurricane-induced tornadoes and their distribution","volume":"93","author":"AD Pearson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Mon Wea Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0326965.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2004)061<0843:ECOTCI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Environmental control of tropical cyclone intensity","volume":"61","author":"K Emanuel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Atmos Sci"},{"issue":"595","key":"pone.0326965.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.01.132","article-title":"A numerical study of the genesis of concentric eyewalls in hurricanes","volume":"129","author":"S Nong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0326965.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00719.1","article-title":"Historical global tropical cyclone landfalls*","volume":"25","author":"J Weinkle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Climate"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1175\/2008BAMS2631.1","article-title":"Tropical cyclone damages in China 1983\u20132006","volume":"90","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Amer Meteor Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref009","first-page":"555","article-title":"Risk and adaptation: evidence from global hurricane damages and fatalities","volume":"3","author":"LA Bakkensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Assoc Environ Res Economists"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref010","unstructured":"Haque MA, Rahman MA, Alam MJ, Sheikh MAH. ISSN 1995-6983 vulnerability and adaptation in flood affected areas in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh.2015;9, 49\u201352."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-013-0284-x","article-title":"Unlocking ecosystem based adaptation opportunities in coastal Bangladesh","volume":"17","author":"R Ahammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Coast Conserv"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.18280\/eesrj.100206","article-title":"NDVI-based analysis of green space decline and air quality in Dhaka: implications for sustainable development goals","volume":"10","author":"MA Salman","year":"2023","journal-title":"EESRJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.18488\/112.v7i1.3452","article-title":"Assessing historical climate trends in Dhaka city: a multivariate analysis using Mann-Kendall and Sen\u2019s slope method","volume":"7","author":"MS Hossen","year":"2023","journal-title":"112"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0326965.ref014","first-page":"2595","article-title":"Cyclone and Bangladesh: a historical and environmental overview from 1582 to 2020","volume":"25","author":"I Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inter Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00503.x","article-title":"The bangladesh cyclone of 1991: why so many people died","volume":"17","author":"AM Chowdhury","year":"1993","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5034-7_6","article-title":"Atmospheric hazards preparedness in bangladesh: a study of warning, adjustments and recovery from the April 1991 cyclone","volume-title":"Earthquake Atmosph Hazards","author":"CE Haque","year":"1997"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref017","volume-title":"Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh- damage, loss and needs assessment for disaster recovery and reconstruction","author":"GoB","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0326965.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-021-04700-7","article-title":"Evaluating the impacts of major cyclonic catastrophes in coastal Bangladesh using geospatial techniques","volume":"3","author":"M Rahaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"SN Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021125916304","article-title":"Floodplain residents\u2019 preferences for water level management options in flood control projects in Bangladesh","volume":"28","author":"H Rasid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0326965.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2008.1249.1255","article-title":"Tropical cyclone wind characteristics for the Bangladesh coast","volume":"8","author":"T Islam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Sci"},{"issue":"32","key":"pone.0326965.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.9753\/icce.v32.currents.24","article-title":"Effects of coastal vegetation species and ground slope on storm surge disaster mitigation","author":"SC Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Conf Coastal Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-008-9340-5","article-title":"Why relatively fewer people died? The case of Bangladesh\u2019s cyclone Sidr","volume":"50","author":"BK Paul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-022-05615-1","article-title":"Assessment of vulnerability and capacity to the cyclone \u2018Amphan\u2019 impacts of the southwestern coastal part of Bangladesh: an empirical contextual investigation","volume":"115","author":"MdA Salman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref024","first-page":"491","article-title":"Change in cyclone disaster vulnerability and response in coastal Bangladesh","volume":"44","author":"BK Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref025","first-page":"465","article-title":"Factors of cyclone disaster deaths in coastal Bangladesh","volume":"54","author":"BK Paul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2010.01176.x","article-title":"Cyclone disaster vulnerability and response experiences in coastal Bangladesh","volume":"34","author":"E Alam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5875-9","volume-title":"Floods in a megacity: geospatial techniques in assessing hazards, risk and vulnerability","author":"A Dewan","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envhaz.2007.04.002","article-title":"Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales:Applicability, usefulness and policy implications","volume":"7","author":"J Birkmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Hazards"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203714775","volume-title":"At Risk: natural hazards, peoples vulnerability and disasters","author":"P Blaikie","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref030","volume-title":"Risk and poverty in a changing climate","author":"United Nations","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916583152003","article-title":"Educational programs and human response to natural hazards","volume":"15","author":"JH Sims","year":"1983","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0326965.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04846.1992","article-title":"Selective vulnerability of dentate hilar neurons following traumatic brain injury: a potential mechanistic link between head trauma and disorders of the hippocampus","volume":"12","author":"DH Lowenstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2019.101283","article-title":"Tropical cyclone risk perception and risk reduction analysis for coastal Bangladesh: household and expert perspectives","volume":"41","author":"MdA Sattar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Red"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0326965.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080831","article-title":"Assessing risks from cyclones for human lives and livelihoods in the coastal region of Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"MA Quader","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135360","article-title":"Cyclone risk assessment of the Cox\u2019s Bazar district and Rohingya refugee camps in southeast Bangladesh","volume":"704","author":"A Alam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/097492841106800103","article-title":"Disaster management system in Bangladesh","volume":"68","author":"AKMA Sabur","year":"2012","journal-title":"India Quart: A J Int Affairs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7494\/geol.2023.49.1.37","article-title":"An updated earthquake catalog for Bangladesh: an attempt at a seismic risk evaluation","volume":"49","author":"MA Salman","year":"2023","journal-title":"geol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-019-00140-x","article-title":"Assessment of cyclone vulnerability, hazard evaluation and mitigation capacity for analyzing cyclone risk using gis technique: a study on Sundarban biosphere reserve, India","volume":"4","author":"SA Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Syst Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref039","first-page":"309","article-title":"Multi-criteria analysis-based mapping of the cyclone-induced pluvial flooding in coastal areas of India","volume":"6","author":"U Mohseni","year":"2025","journal-title":"DYSONA - Appl Sci"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.08.064","article-title":"A state-of the-art survey and testbed of fuzzy AHP (FAHP) applications","volume":"65","author":"S Kubler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref041","volume-title":"Statistical Yearbook Bangladesh 2021","author":"BBS","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref042","first-page":"186","article-title":"Exploring socioeconomic vulnerability and natural disasters impacts on water access in the south coastal region of Bangladesh","volume":"6","author":"D Bhowmik","year":"2025","journal-title":"DYSONA - Appl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0326965.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1108\/17595901211245189","article-title":"Risk and vulnerability assessment: a comprehensive approach","volume":"3","author":"N Nirupama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Resilience Built Environ"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0326965.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-016-6124-1","article-title":"Statistical and spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility maps with different classification systems","volume":"75","author":"C Baeza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2174\/1874282301206010033","article-title":"Influence of land use land cover on cyclone track prediction \u2013 a study during aila cyclone","volume":"6","author":"K V.S. Badarinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Atmosp Sci J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluating supervised and unsupervised techniques for land cover mapping using remote sensing data","volume":"5","author":"I Mohd Hasmadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malaysia J Soc Space"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-013-0755-2","article-title":"Composite risk assessment of typhoon-induced disaster for China\u2019s coastal area","volume":"69","author":"J Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.26480\/esmy.01.2021.33.40","article-title":"Land use and land cover change detection by using remote sensing and gis technology in Barishal district, Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"MdA Salman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth sci Malays"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012029","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/616\/1\/012029","article-title":"Application of Geospatial Information System (GIS) using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in determining shoreline changes","volume":"616","author":"IB Isha","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-22-729-2022","article-title":"Bangladesh\u2019s vulnerability to cyclonic coastal flooding","volume":"22","author":"A Bernard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/0843871419900618","article-title":"The port town of Satgaon: A case study of its prosperity and decline under the Sultanate of Bengal (13th to 16th Century)","volume":"32","author":"AM Shaikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Maritime His"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2020.1867652","article-title":"Cyclone vulnerability assessment of the western coast of Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"MA-A Hoque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref053","article-title":"Bangladesh population and housing census 2011, administrative report.","volume-title":"Government of the People\u2019S republic of Bangladesh","author":"BBS","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x","article-title":"The gendered nature of natural disasters: the impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981\u20132002","volume":"97","author":"E Neumayer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annal Assoc American Geographers"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref055","first-page":"100523","article-title":"Damaged area assessment of cultivated agricultural lands affected by cyclone bulbul in coastal region of Bangladesh using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS datasets","volume":"23","author":"M Shamsuzzoha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Appl: Soc Environ"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref056","first-page":"19","article-title":"Vulnerability to tropical cyclone in the southern Bangladesh - impacts and determinants","volume":"53","author":"SK Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oriental Geographer"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-015-1797-4","article-title":"How do links between households and NGOs promote disaster resilience and recovery?: a case study of linking social networks on the Bangladeshi coast","volume":"78","author":"R Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2015.04.003","article-title":"Analysis of human vulnerability to cyclones and storm surges based on influencing physical and socioeconomic factors: evidences from coastal Bangladesh","volume":"13","author":"Md Nazir Hossain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Red"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref059","volume-title":"Fifteenth session of the scientific steering committee for the World weather research programme report","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.132","article-title":"Tropical cyclone risk assessment using geospatial techniques for the eastern coastal region of Bangladesh","volume":"692","author":"MA-A Hoque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/2475-8876.12177","article-title":"A study on the use of cyclone shelters in Bangladesh","volume":"3","author":"M Miyaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Japan Architec Rev"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref062","unstructured":"Fritz HM, Blount CD. Chapter 2. 2007."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0326965.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-016-1076-7","article-title":"Defining invasiveness and invasibility in ecological networks","volume":"18","author":"C Hui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2015.02.004","article-title":"The current cyclone early warning system in Bangladesh: providers\u2019 and receivers\u2019 views","volume":"12","author":"C Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inter J Disaster Risk Red"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0326965.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00300-2","article-title":"Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP","volume":"95","author":"D-Y Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"European J Operat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"pone.0326965.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622011004427","article-title":"A fuzzy ahp multi-criteria decision-making approach applied to combined cooling, heating, and power production systems","volume":"10","author":"A Nieto-Morote","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Info Tech Dec Mak"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref067","volume-title":"The analytic hierarchy process","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1980"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0326965.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061788","article-title":"Exact probability distribution for the ROC area under curve","volume":"15","author":"J Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","article-title":"The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve","volume":"143","author":"JA Hanley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.03.073","article-title":"A comparative assessment of flood susceptibility modeling using multi-criteria decision-making analysis and machine learning methods","volume":"573","author":"K Khosravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23555","article-title":"Cyclone vulnerability assessment in the coastal districts of Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"SK Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref072","first-page":"185","article-title":"Reducing cyclone impacts in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, a case study of Kalapara Upazila","volume":"5","author":"S Ahamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref073","article-title":"Cyclone and poverty nexus: an in-depth empirical analysis of the context of South Central Coast Rakhain ethnic minorities of Latachapli Union, Kalapara, Patuakhali","author":"MRI Shamrat","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0326965.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2020.101569","article-title":"Evaluation of natural hazard risk for coastal districts of Bangladesh using the INFORM approach","volume":"48","author":"DME Haque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Red"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0326965.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-014-1491-y","article-title":"Coastal vulnerability assessment using analytical hierarchical process for South Gujarat coast, India","volume":"76","author":"M Mahapatra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0326965.ref076","first-page":"341","article-title":"Multi-criterion analysis of cyclone risk along the coast of Tamil Nadu, India\u2014A geospatial approach","volume":"12","author":"S Saravanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Geo Inform"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0326965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T17:23:44Z","timestamp":1752081824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0326965"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sher","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0326965","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]}}}