{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:07:46Z","timestamp":1789679266019,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and short-term visual outcomes following surgical management of intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation, aiming to inform risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 155 patients (166 eyes) diagnosed with IOL dislocation between 2016 and 2024. Data collected included demographic information, ocular and systemic risk factors, surgical interventions, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) before and after surgery, and postoperative complications. Comparative analyses were performed to assess the short-term efficacy and safety of different surgical approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec022\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean patient age was 55 years, with 86.75% presenting unilateral dislocation. Predominant risk factors identified were high myopia (38.55%) and prior vitrectomy (17.47%). A total of 89.16% of IOL dislocations were classified as late-onset. Of the 154 eyes that underwent surgical intervention, both IOL repositioning and exchange procedures resulted in significant improvements in UDVA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Postoperative transient intraocular pressure elevations were observed without significant differences between surgical methods, resolving within three days in all cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec023\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High myopia and prior vitrectomy are significant risk factors for IOL dislocation. Surgical correction, whether through repositioning or exchange, is effective and safe, leading to substantial visual acuity improvements. Proactive identification and management of high-risk individuals are crucial for preventing IOL dislocation and optimizing patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0327210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T14:14:48Z","timestamp":1750860888000},"page":"e0327210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of intraocular lens dislocation: an eight-year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Su","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4138-689X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0327210.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000451865.17954.9b","article-title":"Staying up to date with the JNC 8 hypertension guideline","volume":"27","author":"H Feldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0327210.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9036","article-title":"How do we define cure of diabetes?","volume":"32","author":"JB Buse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"08","key":"pone.0327210.ref003","first-page":"635","article-title":"The efficacy of 8-0 polypropylene tortuous suture in intraocular lens suspension (Chinese)","volume":"43","author":"S Jingzhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Ocular Trauma and Occupational Eye Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19970701-16","article-title":"Proper method for calculating average visual acuity","volume":"13","author":"JT Holladay","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-2776(81)80100-0","article-title":"The Shearing intraocular lens: a report of 1,000 cases","volume":"7","author":"RP Kratz","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Intraocul Implant Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34555-3","article-title":"The FDA report on intraocular lenses","volume":"90","author":"WJ Stark","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.03.009","article-title":"Risk of late intraocular lens dislocation after cataract surgery, 1980-2009: a population-based study","volume":"152","author":"SL Pueringer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0327210.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.06.053","article-title":"Late in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation: incidence, prevention, and management","volume":"31","author":"HV Gimbel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0327210.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.10.040","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of late in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation: evaluation of 140 eyes between 1992 and 2012","volume":"41","author":"K Dabrowska-Kloda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0327210.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12024","article-title":"Late in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome","volume":"92","author":"AE \u00d8stern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0327210.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.01.044","article-title":"Management and outcomes of intraocular lens dislocation in patients with pseudoexfoliation","volume":"39","author":"BJ Shingleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0327210.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.95","article-title":"Late in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation requiring explantation: risk factors and outcomes","volume":"27","author":"R Fern\u00e1ndez-Buenaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0327210.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.08.037","article-title":"Pathologic evidence of pseudoexfoliation in cases of in-the-bag intraocular lens subluxation or dislocation","volume":"41","author":"E Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0327210.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.05.015","article-title":"Incidence of dislocation of intraocular lenses and pseudophakodonesis 10 years after cataract surgery","volume":"116","author":"EI M\u00f6nestam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0637-y","article-title":"Current status of late and recurrent intraocular lens dislocation: analysis of real-world data in Japan","volume":"63","author":"S Kawano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0327210.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.03.012","article-title":"Risk Factors for Intraocular Lens Dislocation After Phacoemulsification: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"214","author":"GI Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.08.006","article-title":"Late increased risk of retinal detachment after cataract extraction","volume":"149","author":"S-J Sheu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0327210.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000046","article-title":"Spontaneous dislocation of in-the-bag intraocular lens primarily in cases with prior vitrectomy","volume":"22","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0327210.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.017","article-title":"Possible predisposing factors for in-the-bag and out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation and outcomes of intraocular lens exchange surgery","volume":"114","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0327210.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00499-5","article-title":"Intraocular lens subluxation in a patient with facial atopic dermatitis","volume":"27","author":"S Yamazaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0327210.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-2776(85)80022-7","article-title":"Causes and management of posterior chamber lens displacement","volume":"11","author":"WR B\u00f6ke","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Intraocul Implant Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0327210.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0567-6","article-title":"Spontaneous dislocation of the posterior chamber intraocular lens","volume":"38","author":"A Fujikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.11.018","article-title":"Late in-the-bag spontaneous intraocular lens dislocation: evaluation of 86 consecutive cases","volume":"116","author":"D Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12453","article-title":"Long-term trends and outcomes of anterior vitrectomy in Western Australia","volume":"93","author":"A Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0327210.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.12.039","article-title":"Spontaneous, late, in-the-bag intraocular lens subluxation in a patient with a previous acute angle-closure glaucoma attack","volume":"30","author":"W-W Su","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0327210.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.04.042","article-title":"Late dislocation of in-the-bag and out-of-the bag intraocular lenses: ocular and surgical characteristics and time to lens repositioning","volume":"36","author":"G Jakobsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref027","first-page":"630","article-title":"In-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation","volume":"137","author":"JG Gross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0327210.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.01.018","article-title":"Bilateral rupture of the posterior capsule and intraocular lens dislocation from excessive eye rubbing","volume":"42","author":"R Bassily","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"pone.0327210.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S235892","article-title":"Functional and Structural Changes of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex in Heavy Smokers","volume":"14","author":"M Abdelshafy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0327210.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_976_20","article-title":"Dry eye disease and retinal nerve fiber layer changes in chronic smokers","volume":"69","author":"P Narnoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2014.975240","article-title":"Effect of smoking on retina nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex","volume":"34","author":"MS Dervi\u015fo\u011fullar\u0131","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"pone.0327210.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.10.016","article-title":"Exposure to secondhand smoke in children is associated with a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer: The Hong Kong children eye study","volume":"223","author":"J Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-010-9271-2","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of hyaluronan on smoke-induced elastic fiber injury: does delayed treatment affect efficacy?","volume":"189","author":"JO Cantor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0327210.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1605-5","article-title":"Occurrence of capsular delamination in the dislocated in-the-bag intraocular lens","volume":"249","author":"A Hirata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0327210.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.11.018","article-title":"Spontaneous partial dislocation of an aphakic capsular bag in high myopia","volume":"37","author":"A Laude","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0327210.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199209000-00005","article-title":"Shape of the myopic eye as seen with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"69","author":"HM Cheng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80043-0","article-title":"Pathogenesis and management of the lens-iris diaphragm retropulsion syndrome during phacoemulsification","volume":"20","author":"HR Wilbrandt","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"pone.0327210.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.01.026","article-title":"Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure in Patients Operated for Late In-the-bag Intraocular Lens Dislocation: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"176","author":"O Kristianslund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0327210.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000780","article-title":"Chronic and Intermittent Angle Closure Caused by In-The-Bag Capsular Tension Ring and Intraocular Lens Dislocation in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome","volume":"26","author":"F Bochmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"pone.0327210.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805706","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/805706","article-title":"Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Late IOL-Capsular Bag Complex Dislocation: Review of the Literature","volume":"2015","author":"FJ Ascaso","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0327210.ref041","first-page":"133","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopic studies of the zonular apparatus in human and monkey eyes","volume":"18","author":"JW Rohen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0327210.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2024.0008","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of intraocular lens dislocation in South Korea from 2002 to 2021: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"38","author":"YM Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Ophthalmology: KJO"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)00901-4","article-title":"Risk factors for contraction of the anterior capsule opening after cataract surgery","volume":"28","author":"S Kato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0327210.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80004-1","article-title":"Capsule contraction syndrome","volume":"19","author":"JA Davison","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0327210.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.02.016","article-title":"Long-term outcomes for pediatric patients having transscleral fixation of the capsular bag with intraocular lens for ectopia lentis","volume":"44","author":"JM Byrd","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"pone.0327210.ref046","first-page":"11206721211012868","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of modified capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation in Marfan syndrome with ectopia lentis","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0625-x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after scleral lens fixation in patients with Marfan syndrome","volume":"17","author":"J Luebke","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327210.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000545","article-title":"Early postoperative intraocular pressure elevation following cataract surgery","volume":"30","author":"A Grzybowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327210.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/08820539409060020","article-title":"Viscoelastic-related glaucomas","volume":"9","author":"RK Morgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0327210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T14:14:57Z","timestamp":1750860897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0327210"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Nishitsuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0327210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}}}