{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:00:47Z","timestamp":1773252047730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN-US-276-5456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN-US-276-5456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL160324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL160324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34MH136914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34MH136914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA057920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA057920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>New HIV infections are increasing among heterosexual Black and Latino populations in the United States, yet little is known about the shared characteristics of HIV risk behaviors and oral PrEP use among these populations. This study sought to understand factors influencing HIV risk behaviors and oral PrEP use among low income, limited English proficient (LEP), Black and Latino men with heterosexual contact in New York City (NYC).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sixteen Black and Latino cisgender men with heterosexual contact and indication for PrEP were recruited from an urban safety net hospital in NYC between 2021 and 2022. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants in English and Spanish. Thematic content analysis was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Participants described multi-faceted experiences around PrEP use informed by HIV stigma, limited understanding of PrEP, and PrEP attitudes from participants and their social networks. Participants\u2019 HIV risk behaviors were informed by sexual decision making rooted in hegemonic masculinity, trust, and perceived HIV and STI susceptibility. Participants disclosed the mixed and diverse nature of their sexual networks (i.e., cisgender women, gay men, transgender women, and sex workers). Among LEP Spanish-speaking participants, HIV risk behaviors were contextually embedded in histories of sexual or physical abuse, child labor, and\/or substance use problems.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results call for interventions that improve sexual health knowledge, reduce stigma, and foster open discussions around sexual networks. Combined, these interventions may contribute to more accurate understanding of HIV risk behaviors and reduction of HIV transmission, especially among communities impacted by sociopolitical disenfranchisement such as LEP Spanish-speakers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0327677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T17:42:06Z","timestamp":1752255726000},"page":"e0327677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-level factors influencing HIV risk behaviors and oral PrEP use among Black and Latino men with heterosexual contact in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ohshue S.","family":"Gatanaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalila Victoria","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Pitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald S.","family":"Braithwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7406-5235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sahnah","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0327677.ref001","author":"HIV.gov","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0327677.ref002","article-title":"Estimating national rates of HIV infection among MSM, persons who inject drugs, and heterosexuals in the United States","author":"N Crepaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0327677.ref003","volume-title":"HIV Surveillance Annual Report","author":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0327677.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63S","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919833435","article-title":"Incarceration, HIV risk-related behaviors, and partner characteristics among heterosexual men at increased risk of HIV infection, 20 US cities","volume":"134","author":"A Wise","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327677.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-012-9576-8","article-title":"Sexual health knowledge of male and female Latino immigrants","volume":"14","author":"PS Seal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0327677.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00129-7","article-title":"Concurrent sexual partnerships among African Americans in the rural south","volume":"14","author":"AA Adimora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0327677.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2015.1085094","article-title":"Hegemonic masculinity: combining theory and practice in gender interventions","volume":"17","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"pone.0327677.ref008","volume-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States \u2013 2017 update: a clinical guideline","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0327677.ref009","volume-title":"Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"issue":"46","key":"pone.0327677.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6446a4","article-title":"Vital signs: estimated percentages and numbers of adults with indications for preexposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV acquisition--United States, 2015","volume":"64","author":"DK Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"47","key":"pone.0327677.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7047a3","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in awareness of preexposure prophylaxis among HIV-Negative heterosexually active adults at increased risk for HIV infection - 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