{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:39:38Z","timestamp":1770424778967,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in various tumors is known to correlate with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; however, evaluation of PD-L1 expression in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) using multiple antibodies are limited. We retrospectivity evaluated PD-L1 expression in thymomas and thymic carcinomas using two antibodies, SP142 and SP263, and compared their expression rates in each type of TETs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrospectively included 37 cases of thymoma and 11 cases of thymic carcinoma that were histologically diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2020. PD-L1 expression was assessed using SP142 and SP263 antibodies with semi-quantitative scoring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The concordance rate for PD-L1 positivity between SP142 and SP263 was 81.2%, whereas the concordance rate for high PD-L1 expression was 83.3%. SP142 showed positive PD-L1 expression in 23 (62%) thymoma cases and eight (73%) thymic carcinoma cases. In contrast, SP263 antibody showed positive PD-L1 expression in 31 (84%) cases of thymoma and 9 (82%) cases of thymic carcinoma. In addition, type B thymomas exhibited significantly higher PD-L1 positivity than other thymoma types. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were mostly CD3 and CD8 positive. No significant difference in overall survival was observed between the high and low PD-L1 expression groups in thymic carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PD-L1 expression rate was high in TETs, with variations depending on the antibody used and histological subtype. SP263 showed higher PD-L1 expression compared to SP142. The type of the antibody used should be considered when evaluating PD-L1 expression in TETs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0327792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T17:35:42Z","timestamp":1752082542000},"page":"e0327792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in thymic epithelial tumors detected with SP142 and SP263 antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3016-5036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kei","family":"Chubachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kageaki","family":"Taima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadatomo","family":"Tasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kurose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0327792.ref001","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","author":"ESMO Guidelines Committee.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327792.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.11.004","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: a population-based study of the incidence, diagnostic procedures and therapy","volume":"44","author":"WK de Jong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0327792.ref003","volume-title":"Thoracic tumours","author":"W Cote","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0327792.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31821ea5f7","article-title":"Chemotherapy definitions and policies for thymic malignancies","volume":"6","author":"N Girard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0327792.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f21129","article-title":"The role of chemotherapy in advanced thymoma","volume":"5","author":"J Schmitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0327792.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezv288","article-title":"Surgical treatment of thymoma: an 11-year experience with 761 patients","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0327792.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2280","article-title":"Thymoma: state of the art","volume":"17","author":"CR Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0327792.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.08.074","article-title":"Thirty-five-year follow-up analysis of clinical and pathologic outcomes of thymoma surgery","volume":"89","author":"S Margaritora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0327792.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.6.1164","article-title":"Cisplatin plus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in metastatic or recurrent thymoma: final results of an intergroup trial. 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