{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:19:27Z","timestamp":1793038767065,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec046\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ireland has the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe, with only 60% of mothers initiating breastfeeding after giving birth, a figure that drops to 43% three months later, highlighting challenges in promoting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding due to inadequate antenatal breastfeeding education. Our previous qualitative study revealed a disconnect between idealized prenatal breastfeeding educational approaches and the realities of maternal breastfeeding experiences, prompting a call for practical, interactive education that addresses emotional resilience, societal dynamics, and partner involvement. This study refines and\u00a0prioritizes\u00a0these recommendations using the Nominal Group Technique, providing insights for integrating practical content, interactive strategies, and\u00a0standardized\u00a0guidance into frameworks aligned with the WHO\u2019s 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec047\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study\u00a0utilized\u00a0the Nominal Group Technique to prioritize and evaluate recommendations for improving prenatal breastfeeding education in Ireland, gathering insights from separate sessions with postnatal mothers (n\u2009=\u20096) and healthcare professionals (n\u2009=\u20094). Data analysis was performed using Ritchie\u2019s framework for qualitative content analysis and conducted with NVivo (Version 14; QSR, 2024). The study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) to ensure transparency and rigor in its reporting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec048\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study identified key recommendations for improving prenatal breastfeeding education through a consensus-building process involving postpartum mothers and healthcare professionals. Mothers emphasized the importance of a balanced approach, including benefits, challenges, and mental support, advocating for personalized learning, interactive group sessions, and standardized guidance. They also highlighted the need for partner involvement and strategies to address societal breastfeeding barriers. Healthcare professionals evaluated the feasibility of integrating these recommendations into Ireland\u2019s existing prenatal breastfeeding education framework and their alignment with the WHO\u2019s 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. They endorsed the inclusion of balanced educational content and suggested flexible methods, such as recorded sessions, to encourage partner participation and public breastfeeding support. Although there were some differences in implementation strategies, both groups\u00a0recognized\u00a0the importance of these recommendations, offering valuable insights for improving prenatal breastfeeding education frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec049\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study highlights the critical need to advance prenatal breastfeeding education in a manner that more effectively supports postnatal mothers while maintaining coherence with existing healthcare frameworks. Findings illustrate a shared commitment among postnatal mothers and healthcare professionals to adopt a more balanced educational model that integrates emotional preparedness,\u00a0personalized\u00a0learning pathways, and consistent,\u00a0standardized\u00a0messaging. By advocating for the inclusion of partner engagement and addressing broader societal challenges, such as breastfeeding in public, the study promotes a comprehensive and contextually responsive approach to improving maternal and infant health outcomes. Grounded in the WHO\u2019s 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, the study provides actionable, evidence-based recommendations for enhancing the delivery of prenatal breastfeeding education within the Irish health system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0328542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T17:34:41Z","timestamp":1752687281000},"page":"e0328542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validating and prioritizing prenatal breastfeeding education recommendations: A nominal group technique study with postnatal mothers and healthcare professionals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kehinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2386-7048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claire","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4559-8520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annmarie","family":"Grealish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12335","article-title":"Scaling up breastfeeding programmes in a complex adaptive world","volume":"12","author":"R P\u00e9rez\u2010Escamilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref002","article-title":"Gearing to success with national breastfeeding programmes: The Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly (BBF) initiative experience","author":"R P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref003","article-title":"Countries\u2019 experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis. Maternal &","volume":"18","author":"S Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Cordero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Nutrition"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref004","article-title":"WBTI Ireland 2023 Report [online], WBTi-Ireland-2023.","author":"World Breastfeeding Trend Initiative.","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref005","author":"B Bainne","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref006","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Breastfeeding","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref007","author":"CDC.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002234","article-title":"Breastfeeding Rates and Programs in Europe: A Survey of 11 National Breastfeeding Committees and Representatives","volume":"68","author":"MA Theurich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref009","author":"HSE","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref010"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13424","article-title":"A repeated cross-sectional analysis of breastfeeding initiation rates in Ireland for two decades and 10 recommended priorities for improvement","volume":"19","author":"RK Philip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0328542.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014002626","article-title":"Breast-feeding support in Ireland: a qualitative study of health-care professionals\u2019 and women\u2019s views","volume":"18","author":"B Whelan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-021-00358-4","article-title":"How to promote exclusive breastfeeding in Ireland: a qualitative study on views of Chinese immigrant mothers","volume":"16","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0328542.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288230","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of women\u2019s postnatal experiences of breastfeeding supports during the perinatal period in Ireland","volume":"18","author":"N Lawlor","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0328542.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2016.10.002","article-title":"Normalising breastfeeding within a formula feeding culture: An Irish qualitative study","volume":"30","author":"P Leahy-Warren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0328542.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334420959028","article-title":"A Qualitative Exploration of the Attitudes and Experiences of Polish Breastfeeding Mothers in Ireland","volume":"37","author":"EJ O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0328542.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-018-1884-0","article-title":"Antenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding outcomes among mothers participating in a feasibility breastfeeding-support intervention","volume":"188","author":"EJ O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.01.008","article-title":"Factors influencing initiation and duration of breast feeding in Ireland","volume":"30","author":"P Leahy-Warren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-202735","article-title":"The influence of ethnicity on breastfeeding rates in Ireland: a cross-sectional study","volume":"68","author":"EL Ladewig","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-021-00358-4","article-title":"How to promote exclusive breastfeeding in Ireland: A qualitative study on views of Chinese immigrant mothers","volume":"16","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Breastfeeding Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1057\/s41285-020-00142-0","article-title":"The complexities of developing equal relationships in patient and public involvement in health research","volume":"19","author":"C Pearce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Theory Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12841","article-title":"Current trends in patient and public involvement in cancer research: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"KH Pii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2016.10.029","article-title":"Patient engagement: What partnering with patient in research is all about","volume":"150","author":"L Duffett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0328542.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibx026","article-title":"Applying a community-based participatory research framework to patient and family engagement in the development of patient-centered outcomes research and practice","volume":"8","author":"SC Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-020-00220-7","article-title":"Minding the gap: identifying values to enable public and patient involvement at the pre-commencement stage of research projects","volume":"6","author":"\u00c9 N\u00ed Sh\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Involv Engagem"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038409","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1038409","article-title":"The public and patient involvement imperative in Ireland: Building on policy drivers","volume":"10","author":"M Gilfoyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13838.1","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a stroke research Public Patient Involvement Panel","volume":"7","author":"S O\u2019Reilly","year":"2024","journal-title":"HRB Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-024-00648-7","article-title":"Evaluating the process of practice enhancement for exclusive breastfeeding (PEEB): a participatory action research approach for clinical innovation","volume":"19","author":"E Lehane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0328542.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13605","article-title":"Positive postpartum well-being: What works for women","volume":"25","author":"S Hannon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzz081","article-title":"A patient and public involvement investigation into healthy eating and weight management advice during pregnancy","volume":"32","author":"JC Abayomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0328542.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12581","article-title":"Sustained User Engagement in Health Information Technology: The Long Road from Implementation to System Optimization of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Clinical Decision Support Systems for Prescribing in Hospitals in England","volume":"52","author":"KM Cresswell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0328542.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004839","article-title":"From tokenism to empowerment: progressing patient and public involvement in healthcare improvement","volume":"25","author":"J Ocloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0328542.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315269","article-title":"A qualitative study on the perspectives of prenatal breastfeeding educational classes in Ireland: Implications for maternal breastfeeding decisions","volume":"19","author":"J Kehinde","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/002188637100700404","article-title":"A Group Process Model for Problem Identification and Program Planning","volume":"7","author":"AL Delbecq","year":"1971","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref035","author":"WHO","year":"1989"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref036","author":"UNICEF","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref037","first-page":"655","article-title":"How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques","volume":"38","author":"SS McMillan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/1743727X.2018.1533938","article-title":"Breaking ranks? Differentiating nominal group technique scoring approaches for consensus and prioritization","volume":"42","author":"M Thier","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Research & Method in Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.2024.e1933","article-title":"A reflection on the use of virtual nominal group technique in health policy and research priority consensus studies","volume":"32","author":"N Al-Yateem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Res"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref040","first-page":"365","article-title":"Qualitative Content Analysis: Theoretical Background and Procedures","volume-title":"Advances in Mathematics Education","author":"P Mayring","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690900800301","article-title":"A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data in Focus Group Research","volume":"8","author":"AJ Onwuegbuzie","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref042","volume-title":"Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences","author":"P. Liamputtong","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-2779-6_100-1","article-title":"Consensus Methods: Nominal Group Technique","volume-title":"Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences","author":"K Manera","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0328542.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0328542.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y","article-title":"Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research","volume":"42","author":"LA Palinkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0328542.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2012.02017.x","article-title":"Nominal group technique: an effective method for obtaining group consensus","volume":"18","author":"N Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0328542.ref047","article-title":"The use of virtual nominal groups in healthcare research: An extended scoping review","volume":"19","author":"SH Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7765\/9781526136527.00006","article-title":"Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and the research process","volume-title":"A research handbook for patient and public involvement researchers","author":"AC Grundy","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15162.1","article-title":"How to incorporate patient and public perspectives into the design and conduct of research","volume":"7","author":"P Hoddinott","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0328542.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000514869.21742.d5","article-title":"Identifying and Rating Urogynecology Applications Using the APPLICATIONS Scoring System [4G]","volume":"129","author":"S Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref051","first-page":"3","article-title":"Qualitative Research and Content Analysis","volume-title":"The Application of Content Analysis in Nursing Science Research","author":"H Kyng\u00e4s","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0328542.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness","volume":"24","author":"UH Graneheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref053","volume-title":"Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers","author":"J Ritchie","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref054","volume-title":"WMA - The World Medical Association-WMA Declaration of Helsinki \u2013 ethical principles for medical research involving human participants, 2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/10357823.2017.1407291","article-title":"Moralising Rhetoric and Imperfect Realities: Breastfeeding Promotions and the Experiences of Recently Delivered Mothers in Urban Yogyakarta, Indonesia","volume":"42","author":"BRM Spagnoletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Studies Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0328542.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095073","article-title":"Antenatal Classes in the Context of Prenatal Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"19","author":"A Ciocho\u0144","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0328542.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12197","article-title":"Achieving Research Impact Through Co-creation in Community-Based Health Services: Literature Review and Case Study","volume":"94","author":"T Greenhalgh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.14102","article-title":"The effect of breastfeeding education with digital storytelling on fathers\u2019 breastfeeding self-efficacy","volume":"31","author":"F Akta\u015f Reyhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0328542.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2020.09.008","article-title":"Storytelling as a Teaching Approach for Breastfeeding Education","volume":"24","author":"A Lober","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-199901000-00005","article-title":"Story telling as a tool for providing holistic care to women","volume":"24","author":"J Banks-Wallace","year":"1999","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1891\/2158-0782.7.3.112","article-title":"Standardizing Prenatal Breastfeeding Education in the Clinic Setting","volume":"7","author":"SL Seibenhener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Lactation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-024-00654-9","article-title":"Breastfeeding - a survey of fathers\u2019 support needs and preferred sources of information","volume":"19","author":"KT Gebremariam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.18041\/1900-3803\/entramado.1.7226","article-title":"ecological systems approach to breastfeeding","volume":"17","author":"P-F Pico-Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"entramado"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00281-0","article-title":"Helpful and challenging aspects of breastfeeding in public for women living in Australia, Ireland and Sweden: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"YL Hauck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0175","article-title":"What Do Women Really Want? Lessons for Breastfeeding Promotion and Education","volume":"11","author":"A Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00328.x","article-title":"\u201cIt should be the most natural thing in the world\u201d: exploring first-time mothers\u2019 breastfeeding difficulties in the UK using audio-diaries and interviews","volume":"8","author":"I Williamson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref067","article-title":"Why mothers stop breastfeeding: mothers\u2019 self-reported reasons for stopping during the first year","author":"R Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00348-y","article-title":"Perinatal psychological interventions to promote breastfeeding: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"L G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167272","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1167272","article-title":"Learning from mothers\u2019 success in breastfeeding maintenance: coping strategies and cues to action","volume":"14","author":"Q Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-022-00474-9","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 strategies for creating positive breastfeeding experiences: a critical incident study from Northern Sweden","volume":"17","author":"A Jacobzon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2023.07.052","article-title":"\u201cYou\u2019re just a number\u201d: Women\u2019s experiences of antenatal breastfeeding education and model of care","volume":"36","author":"ME Shipton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Women and Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.06.008","article-title":"Enhanced Antenatal Care: Combining one-to-one and group Antenatal Care models to increase childbirth education and address childbirth fear","volume":"34","author":"EM Swift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8483777","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8483777","article-title":"Storytelling in Pregnancy and Childbirth: An Integrative Review of the Literature","volume":"2022","author":"Z Mahdavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328542.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2007.00572.x","article-title":"Shattered expectations: when mothers\u2019 confidence in breastfeeding is undermined--a metasynthesis","volume":"22","author":"JS Larsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0328542.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.10.012","article-title":"A qualitative study of first time mothers\u2019 experiences of postnatal social support from health professionals in England","volume":"34","author":"J McLeish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref076","volume-title":"Breastfeeding: A guide for the medical professional","author":"RA Lawrence","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-023-00609-6","article-title":"Partners\u2019 experiences of breastfeeding: a qualitative evaluation of a breastfeeding support intervention in Sweden","volume":"19","author":"I Blixt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328542.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12337","article-title":"Relationships between types of father breastfeeding support and breastfeeding outcomes","volume":"13","author":"LA Rempel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0328542.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2017.25.7.426","article-title":"Fathers and breastfeeding: Attitudes, involvement and support","volume":"25","author":"HMA Al Namir","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-023-00583-z","article-title":"Women\u2019s perceptions of factors needed to encourage a culture of public breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study in Sweden, Ireland and Australia","volume":"18","author":"C Dykes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.17161\/kjm.vol15.15613","article-title":"Collaborating with Culturally Competent Prenatal Education among Hispanic Communities","volume":"15","author":"A Aguila Gonzalez","year":"2022","journal-title":"kjm"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0328542.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2022.0177","article-title":"The Practice of Breastfeeding in Public and its Associated Factors Among Egyptian Mothers","volume":"18","author":"NS Farrag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"pone.0328542.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-019-0217-x","article-title":"Requirements to justify breastfeeding in public: a philosophical analysis","volume":"14","author":"F Woollard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0328542","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T17:34:57Z","timestamp":1752687297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0328542"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Veincent Christian","family":"Pepito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0328542","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]}}}