{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:35:40Z","timestamp":1783557340236,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112\u20102410\u2010H\u2010038\u2010023\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112\u20102410\u2010H\u2010038\u2010023\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 110\u20102410\u2010H\u2010 038\u2010016\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 110\u20102410\u2010H\u2010 038\u2010016\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Taipei City Hospital","award":["NTPC 113-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTPC 113-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fatality rates of motor vehicle crashes among the old population have risen, primarily in association with age-related declines in health and functional abilities. Comparatively little research has been conducted to examine the impacts of risk-taking behaviors (such as unhelmeted, unlicensed, and drunk riding) on fatalities among old motorcyclists.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study employed the Taiwan National Traffic Crash Dataset from 2011 to 2022 to investigate fatal injuries among old motorcyclists. To identify risk factors associated with injury fatality, chi-square tests were employed. Subsequently, stepwise logistic regression models incorporating multiple variables were constructed to examine these factors. To explore potential interactions between aging and specific behavioral variables, joint effect analysis was performed, followed by a subgroup analysis specific to very old motorcyclists (75 years or above).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analyzed dataset comprised 338,231 crashes involving old motorcyclists, of which 2,703 were fatal and 335,528 were nonfatal. A linear relationship was observed between the risk of fatal injuries and increasing age. The adverse effect of aging on fatalities was exacerbated among unhelmeted (AOR\u2009=\u20094.46; CI\u2009=\u20093.79\u20135.26), unlicensed (AOR\u2009=\u20091.76; CI\u2009=\u20091.55\u20131.99), and drunk riders (AOR\u2009=\u20095.35; CI\u2009=\u20094.06\u20137.06). Our subgroup analysis revealed similar detrimental effects of these three behaviors among very old motorcycles when they were unhelmeted (AOR\u2009=\u20093.67; CI\u2009=\u20093.09\u20134.36), unlicensed (AOR\u2009=\u20091.31; CI\u2009=\u20091.13\u20131.50) and intoxicated (AOR\u2009=\u20093.06; CI\u2009=\u20092.31\u20134.06). Further stratification by geographic location demonstrated that certain risk-taking behaviors, such as unhelmeted and drunk riding, were consistently associated with higher fatality rates. Notably, the magnitude of the effects of drunk riding in rural settings on fatal injuries was higher.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study established a linear relationship between age and the risk of fatal injuries among old motorcyclists. The three risk-taking behaviors apparently are risk factors for fatal injuries, and evident when motorcyclists were very old. This underscores the importance of tailored interventions targeting individuals aged 75 years or above who engage in unlicensed riding, which remains an important area for continued research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0328832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T17:37:22Z","timestamp":1757353042000},"page":"e0328832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of aging and risk-taking behaviors on fatal injuries among old motorcyclists in Taiwan: Evidence from 2011 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Akhmad Fajri","family":"Widodo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Wei","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7568-1451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hon-Ping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-9649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen-Chun","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Jen","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou-Chien","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih Yu","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-An","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-6754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chieh","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iftitakhur","family":"Rohmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung-Yao","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3143-2685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0328832.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.3.234","article-title":"Fatal crashes among older drivers: decomposition of rates into contributing factors","volume":"155","author":"AM Dellinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0328832.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/07380577.2018.1522681","article-title":"Self-reported health conditions and related driving reduction in older drivers","volume":"32","author":"D Kandasamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup Ther Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0328832.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/001872089103300504","article-title":"Age-related eye disease, visual impairment, and driving in the elderly","volume":"33","author":"R Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"pone.0328832.ref004","unstructured":"Chen WH, et al. 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